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How does standard deviation differ from standard error of the mean? (FA p54)Which is used in calculating confidence intervals? (FA p55) - -Standard error is used to calculate CI
What problem / abnormality is a...
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DIT Questions & An swers, 100% Accurate, Question Bank. Graded A+. Latest Version. How does standard deviation differ from standard error of the mean? (FA p54)Which is used in calculating confidence intervals? (FA p55) - ✔✔-Standa rd error is used to calculate CI What problem / abnormality is associated with the following congenital buzzwords? (FA p267) boot -
shaped heart - ✔✔-Tetralogy of Fallot What problem / abnormality is associated with the following congenital buzzwords? - (FA p268) continuous machine -like murmur - ✔✔-Patent ductus arteriosus What problem / abnormality is associated with the following congenital buzzwords? - (FA p485) webbing of the neck - ✔✔-Turner Syndrome (XO) What problem / abnormality is associated wit h the following congenital buzzwords? - (FA p485) Barr body - ✔✔-Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) What problem / abnormality is associated with the following congenital buzzwords? - (FA p88) simian crease - ✔✔-Down's syndrome A mother brings her infant to your clinic. The infant has markedly fair skin and a mousy odor. What are the downstream substances this child is missing because of his inborn error of metabolism? What substances are derived from the amino acid tryptophan? ( FA p106, FA p107) - ✔✔-Patient has PKU. Child is missing phenylalanine hydroxylase or tetrahydobiopterin cofactor. Niacin and serotonin/melatonin are derived from tryptophan. A 12 -year -old female develops a rapid strep positive exudative pharyngitis and i s treated with penicillin V for the 10 days. If the patient happens to have a penicillin allergy, an alternative to using penicillin V is to use a macrolide antibiotic. What is the mechanism of action of penicillin? Is it a bacteriostatic or bactericidal a ntibiotic? What is the mechanism of action of the macrolides? Are they bacteriostatic or bactericidal? (FA p184, p185, p188) - ✔✔-Penicillin: block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross -linking -Bactericidal Macrolides: inhibit protein syn thesis by blocking translocation; bind to 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit -Bacteriostatic You are conducting a study trying to determine the reduction in risk of developing a relapsing depressive episode with antidepressant X when compared to a plac ebo treatment. What is this determination called? What is attributable risk, and how is it calculated? (FA p52) - ✔✔-Called Relative Risk (RR) = relative probability of getting a dz in the exposed group compared to unexposed group Attributable Risk = Diff erence b/t exposed and unexposed group = proportion of dz occurrences that are attributable to the exposure A 53 -year -old male presents by EMS to the ER with left -sided chest pain, dyspnea, diaphoresis and left -
sided arm pain. An EKG reveals a ST elevatio n and Q -waves in leads II, III and aVF. The patient is quickly taken to the heart catheterization lab for further evaluation and treatment of an acute myocardial infarction. Which coronary artery is most commonly involved in an acute MI? What is the most l ikely involved artery on this clinical situation? (FA p271 and p272) - ✔✔-LAD > RCA > circumflex LAD (ant wall) = Q waves in V1 -V4 LAD (anteroseptal) = V1 -V2 LAX (anterolateral) = V4 -V6 LCX (Lateral wall) = I, aVL RCA (inferior wall) = II, II, aVF Identi fy the following types of aphasia and location of the brain lesion with the following clinical presentations? (FA p404) Is unable to repeat phrase, "No ifs, ands, or buts" - ✔✔-Arcuate fasiculus Identify the following types of aphasia and location of the brain lesion with the following clinical presentations? (FA p404) Nonfluent aphasia with comprehension intact - ✔✔-Broca's area Identify the following types of aphasia and location of the brain lesion with the following clinical presentations? (FA p404) Fluent aphasia with impaired comprehension - ✔✔-Wernicke's area A 40 -year -old female treated with lisinopril for stage I hypertension becomes pregnant. The patient's ACE inhibitor (lisinopril) should be stopped immediately. What centrally acting α2 -agoni st is often used to treat hypertension in pregnancy? (FA p241) - ✔✔-Mirtazapine? A 23 -year -old male complains of a yellowish skin and eye discoloration for the past two days. The patient otherwise has no complaints or physical exam findings. The patient's laboratory workup reveals a conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Which hereditary hyperbilirubinemia syndromes present with a conjugated hyperbilirubinemia? Which present with an unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia? (FA p333) - ✔✔-Gilbert's = prob w/ bilirubin upta ke --> unconjugated bilirubinemia Crigler -Najjar = prob w/ bilirubin conjugation --> unconjugated bilirubinemia Dubin -Johnson = prob w/ excretion of conjugated bilirubin --> conjugated bilirubinemia A physician while working with a humanitarian aid organi zation in Africa is seeing a 30 -year -old male patient with HIV. The patient complains of fever, weight loss and a cough associated with hemoptysis over the past two months. A chest X -ray reveals perihilar lymphadenopathy and a left lower lobe granulomatous formation. What the name for these X -ray findings? What other Mycobacteria species cause pulmonary disease? What are the potential extrapulmonary manifestations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis? (FA p148 and p149) - ✔✔-x-ray findings = Ghon complex = calcifi ed focus of infection + assoc hilar lymph node Mycobacterium TB M. kanasii (pulm TB like sx) M. avium TB sx include fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis Aztreonam and penicillins both bind to penicillin -binding proteins. Can aztreonam be used in patients with a penicillin allergy? In which patient populations is aztreonam a good choice? Against which organisms is this antibiotic effective? (FA p185 and p186) - ✔✔-Aztreonam works the same way as penicillins = block cell wall synthesis by inhibitin g peptigoglycan cross -linking by binding to PBP3 No cross -sensitivity w/ penicillins or cephalosporins Use against Gram -negative rods only Wallenberg syndrome is an injury of the lateral medulla that presents with a constellation of neurologic symptoms, including difficulty with swallowing (dysphagia), hoarseness and difficulty with palate elevation. Which part of the lateral medulla is responsible for swallowing and palate elevation? What other cranial nerves can be involved with this region? (FA p417) - ✔✔-Nucleus ambiguus = motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus (swallowing, palate elevation) CN IX, X, XI go through nucleus ambiguus An echocardiogram reveals a dilated cardiomyopathy in the evaluation of a 53 -year -old man with chest pain . You discover in the patient's history that the patient does not drink alcohol. Other than chronic alcohol abuse, what are some other potential causes of dilated cardiomyopathy? What heart sounds might be present in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy? (FA p273) - ✔✔-Dilated cardiomyopathy = congestive Alcohol abuse Beriberi (wet) Coxasackie B virus myocarditis Cocaine use Chagas' disease Doxorubicin toxicity Hemochromatosis
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