The Impact of Copernican and Darwinian Revolution to Society
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1. Explain how the ideas postulated by Copernicus and Darwin contributed
to the spark of scientific revolution.
2. Illustrate ways by which the Copernican and Darwinian intellectual
revolution transformed the society.
GEN 003: Science Technology & Society
Student Activity Sheet
Lesson #2
Lesson title: The Impact of Copernican and Darwinian Revolution to Materials: Student Activity Sheet,
Society Course Syllabus, marker
Lesson Objectives: References:
1. Explain how the ideas postulated by Copernicus and Darwin contributed Serafica, J. P. J. et al. (2018).
to the spark of scientific revolution. Science, Technology and Society.
2. Illustrate ways by which the Copernican and Darwinian intellectual 1st Ed. Philippines: Rex Book Store
revolution transformed the society. http://hti.osu.ed/scientificrevolution/le
sson plans
A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction (2 mins)
Today you are going to recall the different discoveries of these two important scientists who have changed the
beliefs of our ancestors from thousands of years ago.
B. MAIN LESSON
1) Activity 1: Content Notes (13 mins)
Scientific revolution was the period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of mathematics, physics,
astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature. It is very significant in the development
of human beings, transformation of the society, and in the formulation of scientific ideas. It explained the emergence or
birth of modern science as a result of these developments from the disciplines mentioned. The ideas generated during this
period enabled the people to reflect, rethink and re-examine their beliefs and their way of life. There is no doubt that it
ignited vast human interests to rethink how they do science and view scientific processes.
Scientific revolution was the golden age for people committed to scholarly life in science but it was also a deeply
trying moment to some scientific individuals that led to their painful death or condemnation from the religious institutions
who tried to preserve their faith, religion and theological views. Some rulers and religious leaders did not accept many of
the early works of scientists. But these did not stop people especially scientists to satisfy their curiosity of the natural and
physical world.
One of the Renaissance men, particularly in the field of science, is Nicolaus Copernicus, knowledge about the nature
of the universe had been essentially unchanged since the great days of Ancient Greece , some 1,500 years before Copernicus
came on the scene (Gribbin, 2003). This continued up to Renaissance period. In one important way, Copernicus resembled
the Greek ancient philosophers or thinkers – HE DID NOT DO ANYTHING EXTENSIVE SUCH AS OBSERVING
HEAVENLY BODIES OR INVITING PEOPLE TO TEST HIS IDEAS. His ideas were an example of what is presently
called as a THOUGHT EXPERIMENT.
Charles Darwin changed our concept of the world’s creation and its evolution. Johnson (2012) described Darwin
as a genius who came from a line of intellectually gifted and wealthy family. He developed his interest in natural history
during his time as a student at Shrewsbury School. He would also spend time taking long walks to observe his
surroundings while collecting specimens.
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED SOCIETY
Copernican Revolution Darwinian Revolution
COPERNICAN HELIOCENTRISM ORIGIN OF SPECIES
(Nicolaus Copernicus) (Charles Darwin)
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, GEN 003: Science Technology & Society
Student Activity Sheet
Lesson #2
2) Activity 2: Skill-building Activities (18 mins + 2 mins checking)
(I.) Formative Assessment (12 mins)
Directions: Read and understand the two articles below and take note of their important contributions to the spark
of scientific revolution, then answer the questions that follow.
Nicolaus Copernicus
1473- 1543
Updated: Oct 24, 2019 Original: Nov 9, 2009
(Source: History.com editors; https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/nicolaus-
copernicus)
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer known as the father of
modern astronomy. He was the first modern Europea n scientist to propose
that Earth and other planets revolve around the sun, or the Heliocentric
Theory of the universe. Copernicus argued that Earth turned daily on its
axis and that gradual shifts of this axis accounted for the changing seasons.
Nicolaus Copernicus: Against The Ptolemaic System
The cosmology of early 16th-century Europe held that Earth sat stationary
and motionless at the center of the universe, Ptolemy placed the Earth at the
center of his geocentric model.
In the second century A.D., the Alexandrian geographer and astronomer
Ptolemy sought to resolve this problem by arguing that the sun, planets,
and moon move in small circles around much larger circles that revolve around Earth. The Ptolemaic system
remained Europe’s accepted cosmology f or more than 1,000 years, but by Copernicus’ day accumulated
astronomical evidence had thrown some of his theories into confusion. Astronomers disagreed on the order
of the planets from Earth, and it was this problem that Copernicus addressed at the beginn ing of the 16th
century.
Nicolaus Copernicus Death and Legacy
Nicolaus Copernicus died on May 24, 1543 in what is now Frombork, Poland. He died the year his major
work was published, saving him from the outrage of some religious leaders who later condemned his
heliocentric view of the universe as heresy. It was not until the early 17th century that Galileo and Johannes
Kepler developed and popularized the Copernican theory, which for Galileo resulted in a trial and conviction
for heresy. Following Isaac Newton’s work in celestial mechanics in the late 17th century, acceptance of the
Copernican theory spread rapidly in non-Catholic countries, and by the late 18th century the Copernican view
of the solar system it was almost universally accepted.
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