Unit 4 AP WORLD : Transoceanic Interconnections Study Guide COMPLETED UPTO DISTINCTION 2023

Unit 4 AP WORLD : Transoceanic Interconnections Study Guide COMPLETED UPTO DISTINCTION 2023 Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections Study Guide c. Topic 4.1 Technological Innovations from Learning Objective Explain how crosscultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of technology and facilitated changes in patterns of trade and travel from 1450 to 1750. Historical Developments Knowledge, scientific learning, and technology from the Classical, Islamic, and Asian worlds spread, facilitating European technological developments and innovation. The developments included the production of new tools, innovations in ship designs, and an improved understanding of regional wind and currents patterns—all of which made transoceanic travel and trade possible. Innovations in ship design: ● Caravel ● Carrack ● Fluyt European technological developments influenced by cross-cultural interactions with the Classical, Islamic, and Asian worlds: ● Lateen sail ● Compass ● Astronomical charts 1. Describe technological diffusions that occurred in the time period. Name the technology, its origins, and where it diffused. 1. Printing Press: Originated in Germany in 1450, diffused to the rest of Europe and North America. 2. Gunpowder: Originated in China in the 9th century, diffused to Europe and then to the Americas. 3. Navigation Instruments: Originated in Portugal in the 15th century, diffused to Europe and then to the Americas. 4. Gunsmithing: Originated in Germany in the 15th century, diffused to Europe and then to the Americas. 5. Steam Engine: Originated in England in the 17th century, diffused to Europe and then to the Americas. 6. Industrialization: Originated in England in the 17th century, diffused to Europe and then to the Americas. 2. Describe new technologies of the time period and specific examples of how they facilitated patterns of trade and travel from 1450 to 1750. The period was an era of significant technological advancements, which had a profound effect on the development of trade and travel. One of the most important technologies of this time period was the invention of the caravel, a new type of sailing ship with lateen sails. Caravels allowed merchants to travel faster and further than ever before, facilitating the expansion of trade networks to new parts of the world. For example, in 1488, Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias used a caravel to successfully reach the tip of Africa, opening up the route for the lucrative trade of African gold and slaves. Another important technology of this time period was the invention of the compass, which allowed sailors to navigate more accurately than before. This enabled them to explore further and more confidently, and allowed for the growth of trade networks in lOMoARcPSD| distant lands. For instance, in 1519, Spanish navigator Ferdinand Magellan used a compass to circumnavigate the globe, allowing for the establishment of trade routes between Europe, Asia and the Americas. Finally, the invention of the printing press in the 1440s allowed for the spread of knowledge and ideas. This enabled merchants to communicate more easily and efficiently, facilitating the exchange 3. What is a lateen sail and why was it significant in the time period? A lateen sail is a triangular sail that is used in traditional sailing vessels and was used historically in the Mediterranean Sea. It was significant in the time period because it allowed ships to sail closer to the wind, making long-distance trade and exploration more efficient. This allowed European nations to expand their trading networks, explore new lands, and colonize them. Additionally, lateen sails allowed for more maneuverability in smaller ships, allowing for naval warfare to become more effective. 4. What is a caravel and