INF3708_Summary Notes.
*Characteristics that distinguish projects: [10]1
Non-routine tasks are involved.
Planning is required.
Specific objectives are to be met or a specified product is to be created.
The project has a predetermined time span.
Work is carried out for someone other t...
INF_3708 NOTES
*Characteristics that distinguish projects: [10]1
❖ Non-routine tasks are involved.
❖ Planning is required.
❖ Specific objectives are to be met or a specified product is to be created.
❖ The project has a predetermined time span.
❖ Work is carried out for someone other than yourself.
❖ Work involves several specialisms.
❖ People are formed into a temporary work group to carry out the task.
❖ Work is carried out in several phases.
❖ The resources that are available for use on the project are constrained.
❖ The project is large or complex.
*Characteristics of software projects which make them particularly
difficult (as identified by Fred Brooks): [4]2
❖ Invisibility – When a physical artefact (e.g. a bridge) is constructed the progress
can actually be seen. With software, progress is not immediately visible.
❖ Complexity – Software products contain more complexity than other engineered
artefacts per dollar/pound/euro/rand spent.
❖ Conformity – ‘Traditional’ engineers work with physical systems and materials
which are governed by consistent physical laws. Software developers have to
conform to the requirements of human clients.
❖ Flexibility – Software is easy to change (which is one of its greatest strengths) and
must therefore change to accommodate the physical or organizational system it
interfaces with, not the other way around.
Successive processes that bring a new system into being: [3]3
1. Feasibility Study (Is it worth doing?)
2. Plan (How do we do it?)
3. Project Execution (Do it!)
1 p. 3
2 pp. 4-5
3 pp. 5-6
, 5
❖ Requirements:
o Requirements analysis.
o Architecture design.
o Requirements analysis.
❖ Design:
o Architecture design.
o Requirements analysis.
❖ Code and Test:
o Detailed design.
o Code and test.
o Integration.
o Qualification test.
o Integration.
o Qualification test.
❖ Installation/Acceptance Support:
o Installation.
o Acceptance Support.
Types of Stakeholders: [3]5
Organization
Project Team
A: Internal to the project team (and implicitly to the organization).
B: External to the project team, but within the same organization.
C: External to both the project team and the organization.
4 pp. 6-8
5 p. 11
, 6
Well-defined objectives are described by: [5]6
SMART:
❖ Specific
❖ Measurable
❖ Achievable
❖ Relevant
❖ Time constrained
Software project objectives: [4]7
❖ The agreed functionality is delivered
❖ To the required level of quality
❖ On time
❖ Within budget
Management Activities: [8]8
❖ Planning – Deciding what is to be done.
❖ Organizing – Making arrangements.
❖ Staffing – Selecting the right people for the job.
❖ Directing – Giving instructions.
❖ Monitoring – Checking on progress.
❖ Controlling – Taking action to remedy hold-ups.
❖ Innovating – Coming up with new solutions.
❖ Representing – Liaising with clients, users, developer, suppliers and other
stakeholders.
6 p. 12
7 p. 14
8 p. 15
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