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PSYC-375 History of Psychology Midterm Exam 2023

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Of the following, who would be most likely to take the position that humans are responsible for their actions? - Answer- Non determinist and soft determinist _________________ emphasizes the works of individuals who most prominently contributed to a topic such as Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Dar...

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PSYC-375 History of Psychology Midterm Exam 2023
Of the following, who would be most likely to take the position that humans are responsible for their actions? - Answer- Non determinist and soft determinist
_________________ emphasizes the works of individuals who most prominently contributed to a topic such as Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Darwin of Freud in - Answer- The Great-person approach.
The approach which shows how various individuals or events contributed to change in an idea or concept throughout the years. - Answer- Historical Development
Popper believed that the problem with observations was that - Answer- it is selective.
Poppers believed that there was three stages of obervations - Answer- view of the problem, theories (proposed solutions), and criticism
Kuhn refers to Normal Science as - Answer- Mopping-up operation of paradigm.
Following a paradigm, scientists explore in depth problems defined by the paradigm and
utilize the techniques suggested by the paradigm while exploring those problems. - Answer- Normal Science
The theory in which all scientific theory must be able to be proven false in order for it to be considered scientific - Answer- Principle of Falsifiability
______________ explains the reason Popper though that empirical observation was too
vague and unrefutability. - Answer- Principle of Falsafibility
The potential of theory being incorrect. Popper believes this is a must to be scientific - Answer- Risky Prediction
Popper believes that in order to of a theory to be scientific they must include - Answer- Risky Predictions.
The theory in which you make sense of a theory or explain a phenomenon after it has occurred - Answer- Post-diction
Popper thought that empirical observation gave the notion that - Answer- Scientists just wonder around observing and explaining what they observe
Popper __________ that scientific activity starts with empirical observation. - Answer- Disagree Emphasizes the influence s of other factors such as political, technology, and economic conditions. - Answer- Zeitgeist
A combination of __________________ and _________________ is used to understand history. - Answer- Presentism and Historicism
The focus of looking at the past for it's own sake. - Answer- Historicism
The focus on looking at psychology today and attempting to show how it become that way. - Answer- Presentism
The ____ stresses a person's beliefs, emotions, perceptions, values, and goals as determinants of behavior. - Answer- Soft Determinist
For Aristotle, sensory experience - Answer- was necessary but not sufficient for attaining knowledge
According to Aristotle, we perceive environmental objects because: - Answer- their movement influences a medium, which in turn stimulates one or more of the five senses
Protagorus, the best known Sophist, presented the Sophist's position. Which of the following is not representative of the position? - Answer- what is truth is not affected by the cultterm-5ure in which one lives
Socrates used the method of ____ to determine what all examples of a concept such as
beauty had in common. - Answer- inductive definition
The force that transforms matter into a particular form is its ____ cause. - Answer- efficient
____ stresses the emotional or unconscious determinants of human behavior. - Answer-
Irrationalism
The study of knowledge is called: - Answer- epistemology
The contention that what we experience mentally accurately reflects the physical world is called: - Answer- naive realism
Philosophy began: - Answer- when logos replaced mythos
The allegory of the cave demonstrates: - Answer- how difficult it is to deliver humans from ignorance
Plato believed that the ideal society would be governed by: - Answer- philosopher-kings For Aristotle, sensory experience: - Answer- is necessary but not sufficient for attaining knowledge
According to St. Augustine, humans can have conceptions of the past and future because: - Answer- of the remnants of sensory experiences
What was a goal of St.Thomas Aquinas? - Answer- To strengthen the position of the church through reason
Copernicus argued that: - Answer- the earth revolves around the sun (heliocentric theory)
According to the work of Galileo, which set best illustrates the concepts of primary quality and secondary quality? - Answer- primary quality: size; secondary quality: color
According to Galileo, secondary qualities: - Answer- cannot be measured objectively
Galileo was among the first to suggest that: - Answer- a science of psychology (conscious experience) was impossible
According to Bacon, science should utilize: - Answer- only the direct observation of nature
History has shown that Bacon's inductive approach to science was largely ignored. However, ____ and his followers adopted Bacon's philosophy of science. - Answer- Skinner
Concerning the mind-body relationship, Descartes proposed: - Answer- interactionism
Descartes believed that: - Answer- the mind is nonmaterial
Later in history, Bacon's approach to science was called: - Answer- positivism
The religion in which individuals are caught in an eternal struggle between wisdom and correctness as well as ignorance and evil is called: - Answer- Zoroastrianism
According to Philo, the way to true knowledge is by: - Answer- a purified, passive mind receiving divine illumination
For St. Augustine, the primary goal of human existence was to: - Answer- enter into a personal, emotional union with God
Which of the following occurred during the Dark Ages (c. 400-1000)? - Answer- Arab philosophy, science, and theology flourished
Aquinas' great achievement was the: - Answer- reconciliation of faith and reason

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