(HDEV (Human Lifespan Development), 5e Spencer A. Rathus)
(Test Bank, Correct Answer are marked with*)
Chapter 1
1. During the Middle Ages, children were nurtured until they were seven
years old, which was considered the “age of reason.”
*a. True
b. False
2. John Locke believed that children should be treated as property and
servants.
a. True
*b. False
3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that children were born inherently
evil.
a. True
*b. False
4. John Locke said that children begin life as a clean slate.
*a. True
b. False
5. According to Freud’s psychosexual theory, children develop strong
sexual attachments to the same-sex parent during the genital stage.
a. True
*b. False
6. Extinction results from repeated performance of operant behavior
without reinforcement
*a. True
b. False
7. Punishments such as spanking are considered less effective than
types of discipline that provide alternative, acceptable behaviors.
*a. True
b. False
8. Bandura’s social cognitive theory argues that children learn by
observing models.
*a. True
, b. False
9. Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory suggests that children
passively respond to their environments.
a. True
*b. False
10. Fixed action patterns are learned behaviors.
a. True
*b. False
11. During prenatal development, genes and sex hormones are responsible
for the physical development of female and male sex organs.
*a. True
b. False
12. The nervous systems of most, and perhaps all, animals are
“prewired” to respond to some situations in specific ways.
*a. True
b. False
13. The ecological systems theory of development states that only
genetic factors are worth studying.
a. True
*b. False
14. The nature-nurture controversy debates whether development is
continuous or a series of stages.
a. True
*b. False
15. Stage theories consider development as a discontinuous process.
*a. True
b. False
16. Strong arguments or reference to authority figures are commonly
used as scientific evidence.
a. True
, *b. False
17. Case study involves detailing an account of the behavior of
multiple subjects.
a. True
*b. False
18. Independent variables are manipulated by experimenters.
*a. True
b. False
19. In the context of experiments, experimental outcomes reflect the
chance factors and not treatment.
a. True
*b. False
20. Cross-sequential research combines the longitudinal and cross-
sectional research methods.
*a. True
b. False
21. In ancient times and in the Middle Ages, children were often viewed as _____.
a. innately good
*b. innately evil
c. a tabula rasa
d. a genetic product
22. John Locke is most likely to agree with the fact that:
a. children are born innately good.
b. children are born innately evil.
*c. children are influenced by their experiences.
d. children are indifferent to their surroundings.
23. Peter believes that the best way to raise his son is by prompting and reprimanding him
whenever he does something wrong and rewarding him whenever he does something that he
thinks is right. Peter believes that he has to be involved in shaping the child’s behavior. Peter’s
ideas agree best with the philosopher _____.
, a. Jean Piaget
b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
c. Konrad Lorenz
*d. John Locke
24. Jenna believes that her four-year-old son should always be allowed to do as he pleases. She
believes that her son-like all children-is incapable of doing anything wrong, and allowing him to
do whatever he wants is the best way to raise him. Jenna’s ideas agree best with the philosopher
_____.
a. Jean Piaget
*b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
c. Konrad Lorenz
d. John Locke
25. Differentiate between John Locke’s writing and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s writings.
a. While Locke argued that children are inherently good, Rousseau argued that children
were innately evil.
*b. While Locke focused on the role of the environment, Rousseau focused on the
expression of natural impulses.
c. While Locke believed that children should be treated as property and servants,
Rousseau believed that children should be treated with respect and care.
d. While Locke believed in the traditional views of developmental psychology,
Rousseau believed in the modern views of developmental psychology.
26. Which of the following is true of family life during the industrial revolution?
a. Family life was legally defined to include three generations of relatives.
b. Family life grew to include extended family members, like cousins, aunts, and
uncles.
*c. Family life was defined in terms of the nuclear unit of mother, father, and children.
d. Family life shrank to include only one child raised by a single parent.
27. Which of the following is true of children in the 20th century?
*a. Children received greater legal protection than they did prior to then.
b. Children were married at a younger age than those in previous centuries.
c. Children were considered to be the property of their parents.
d. Children experienced less emphasis on education than during previous centuries.
28. The idea of childhood as a special time of life:
a. was concurrent with a time of ease for children during the Industrial Revolution.
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