Samenvatting
Samenvatting Teams & Work Motivation in Organizations
Samenvatting op basis van slides 16/20 gehaald!
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 73 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 73 pagina's
In winkelwagenVoorbeeld van de inhoud
TWMO1. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. WHAT IS AN ORGANIZATION? ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1.1. Different levels in the organization................................................................................................ 1
1.2. WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY? ....................................................................................................... 1
1.2.1. Organizational psychology as the Science of Cross-Level Moderation Effects ............................... 1
1.2.2. Scientist-Practitioner Model .......................................................................................................... 2
1.3. ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY VS. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR .......................................................................... 2
1.3.1. Disciplines that contribute to OB ................................................................................................... 2
1.3.2. Few absolutes apply to OB ............................................................................................................ 3
1.4. WHY IS OP/OB IMPORTANT? ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.4.1. Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles....................................................................................................... 3
1.4.2. Management rolls ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.5. HISTORIC AND MODERN OP/OB .................................................................................................................... 4
1.5.1. Why history? ................................................................................................................................. 4
1.5.2. Taylorism....................................................................................................................................... 4
A. Henry Ford (1863 – 1947) ...................................................................................................................... 5
B. Hugo Münsterberg (1863 – 1916).......................................................................................................... 5
1.5.3. Hawthorne experiments and the Human Relations Movement ..................................................... 5
A. Kurt Lewin (1890 – 1947) ....................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.4. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y ............................................................................................... 6
A. Outdated Theory X ................................................................................................................................. 6
B. Modern Theory Y.................................................................................................................................... 6
C. Modern Psychology................................................................................................................................ 6
1.6. WORK MOTIVATION RESEARCH ...................................................................................................................... 7
1.6.1. Definition of motivation ................................................................................................................ 7
1.7. TEAM RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES ...................................................................................................................... 7
2. DIVERSITY ............................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1. WHAT IS DIVERSITY? ................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1. Two major forms of workforce diversity ........................................................................................ 8
2.1.2. Types of diversity ........................................................................................................................... 8
2.2. AGE DIVERSITY ........................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1. Managers’ beliefs about older workers ......................................................................................... 9
2.2.2. What is old? .................................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.3. Correlations with age (Ng & Feldman, 2012) ................................................................................ 9
2.3. AGE & ABILITIES ....................................................................................................................................... 10
2.3.1. What is aging? ............................................................................................................................ 10
A. Types of physical ability ....................................................................................................................... 10
B. Physical sport vs. mental sport............................................................................................................. 10
C. Intellectual ability ................................................................................................................................ 10
D. Ability Mean-Level Change within Cohorts ........................................................................................... 11
E. Effort and performance........................................................................................................................ 11
F. Mean-Level Change between Generations ........................................................................................... 11
2.4. GENDER DIVERSITY .................................................................................................................................... 12
2.4.1. Explanations ................................................................................................................................ 12
2.5. DIVERSITY & PERFORMANCE ....................................................................................................................... 12
2.5.1. Ice Cream Cone Superaditivity: 1904 World’s Fair ....................................................................... 12
2.5.2. Diversity trumps ability theorem (Page, 2007) ............................................................................ 13
2.5.3. Wisdom of the crows (Page, 2007).............................................................................................. 13
2.6. DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... 13
2.6.1. Manage diversity effectively........................................................................................................ 13
3. JOB ATTITUDES ..................................................................................................................................... 14
3.1. JOB SATISFACTION ..................................................................................................................................... 14
3.1.1. Three components of job attitude ............................................................................................... 14
1
, 3.1.2. Job satisfaction and criteria ........................................................................................................ 14
3.1.3. Methods of measuring job satisfaction ....................................................................................... 14
3.1.4. Typical average job satisfaction levels by facet ........................................................................... 15
3.2. JOB CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................................................ 15
3.2.1. Motivation Potential Score (MPS) ............................................................................................... 15
3.3. SOCIAL INFORMATION PROCESSING ............................................................................................................... 15
3.3.1. Relationship with pay .................................................................................................................. 15
3.4. DISPOSITIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 16
3.5. CONSEQUENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 16
3.5.1. Mobley’s turnover process model................................................................................................ 16
3.5.2. Relationship of job satisfaction and work outcomes ................................................................... 16
3.6. MULTILEVEL PERSPECTIVE ........................................................................................................................... 17
3.7. COMMITMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 18
4. VALUES................................................................................................................................................. 20
4.1. WORKFORCE VALUES ................................................................................................................................. 20
4.2. GENERATION ME...................................................................................................................................... 20
4.2.1. Critique........................................................................................................................................ 21
4.3. CULTURAL VALUES .................................................................................................................................... 21
4.3.1. High vs. Low context cultures ...................................................................................................... 21
4.3.2. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension Theory......................................................................................... 21
4.3.3. Study ........................................................................................................................................... 22
5. EMOTIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 23
5.1. EMOTIONS ON FIVE LEVELS ......................................................................................................................... 23
5.1.1. Within-person ............................................................................................................................. 23
A. Structures of moods and emotions ...................................................................................................... 23
B. Mood changes over time ..................................................................................................................... 23
C. Affective Events Theory ........................................................................................................................ 24
D. The effect of positive events at work on after-work fatigue ................................................................. 24
5.1.2. Between persons ......................................................................................................................... 24
A. Emotional intelligence.......................................................................................................................... 25
B. Measuring individual differences in emotion regulation ...................................................................... 26
C. The Cascading Model of Emotional Intelligence ................................................................................... 26
5.1.3. Interpersonal interactions ........................................................................................................... 27
A. Costs and benefits of emotional labor.................................................................................................. 27
B. Emotional labor, strain and performance ............................................................................................ 27
5.1.4. Groups......................................................................................................................................... 28
5.1.5. Organization-wide ....................................................................................................................... 28
A. Emotion display rules at work in the global service economy............................................................... 28
6. MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES ..................................................................................................................... 29
6.1. DEFINITIONS OF MOTIVATION ...................................................................................................................... 29
6.2. GENERAL FRAMEWORKS ............................................................................................................................. 29
6.2.1. The tree C Framework ................................................................................................................. 29
6.2.2. Integrating contemporary theories of motivation ....................................................................... 29
6.3. HISTORICAL THEORIES ................................................................................................................................ 29
6.3.1. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ....................................................................................................... 29
6.3.2. Theory X and Theory Y ................................................................................................................. 29
6.3.3. Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory ........................................................................................ 30
6.4. CONTEXT THEMES ..................................................................................................................................... 30
6.4.1. Job characteristics ....................................................................................................................... 30
A. Job redesign ......................................................................................................................................... 30
6.4.2. Organizational justice ................................................................................................................. 31
A. Model of organizational justice ............................................................................................................ 31
B. The equity theory ................................................................................................................................. 31
6.4.3. Expectancy theory, self-determination theory and pay ............................................................... 32
2
, 6.5. CHANGE THEMES ...................................................................................................................................... 33
6.5.1. Aging ........................................................................................................................................... 33
6.5.2. Goal setting ................................................................................................................................. 33
A. Galatea effect on motivation ............................................................................................................... 34
B. Management By Opjectives: participative goal setting ........................................................................ 34
6.5.3. Self-efficacy ................................................................................................................................. 34
6.6. CONTENT THEMES .................................................................................................................................... 34
6.6.1. Big Five traits............................................................................................................................... 34
6.6.2. Core self-evaluations ................................................................................................................... 35
6.6.3. Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator ...................................................................................................... 35
A. Critique ................................................................................................................................................ 35
6.6.4. Personality controversy ............................................................................................................... 36
6.6.5. Explicit motives ........................................................................................................................... 36
6.6.6. Implicit motives ........................................................................................................................... 36
A. Historical background .......................................................................................................................... 36
B. Operant Motive Test ............................................................................................................................ 36
6.6.7. Channeling effects ....................................................................................................................... 37
6.6.8. Compensatory model of motivation ............................................................................................ 37
6.6.9. Leadership motive pattern .......................................................................................................... 38
6.6.10. Leader taxonomy ........................................................................................................................ 38
7. TEAM PROCESSES ................................................................................................................................. 39
7.1. WHAT IS A TEAM? .................................................................................................................................... 39
7.1.1. Non-independence or withing-unit sharedness ........................................................................... 39
7.1.2. Comparing work groups and work teams.................................................................................... 39
7.1.3. The Punctuated-Equilibrium Model ............................................................................................. 39
7.1.4. Five Stage Model ......................................................................................................................... 40
7.2. RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES ............................................................................................................................ 40
7.2.1. Socio-psychological vs. organizational ........................................................................................ 40
7.2.2. I-P-O vs. multilevel systems ......................................................................................................... 40
A. Classic input-process-outcome perspective .......................................................................................... 40
B. Multilevel system perspective .............................................................................................................. 41
7.3. TEAM CONFORMITY AND GROUP THINK ......................................................................................................... 41
7.3.1. The confomity study: Ash Experiment ......................................................................................... 41
A. Group cohesiveness ............................................................................................................................. 41
7.3.2. Group think ................................................................................................................................. 42
7.4. MOTIVATIONAL TEAM PROCESSES ................................................................................................................ 42
7.4.1. Team cohesion ............................................................................................................................ 42
A. Team efficacy ....................................................................................................................................... 43
B. Team potency ...................................................................................................................................... 43
C. Team conflict ....................................................................................................................................... 43
7.5. COMPOSITION MODELS .............................................................................................................................. 43
7.5.1. Selected score model ................................................................................................................... 43
7.5.2. Summary index model (additive or pooled unconstrained model) ............................................... 44
7.5.3. Consensus model (pooled constrained model) ............................................................................ 44
7.5.4. Referent shift model (convergent model) .................................................................................... 44
7.5.5. Dispersion model (configural model) ........................................................................................... 44
7.6. BEHAVIORAL TEAM PROCESSES .................................................................................................................... 44
7.6.1. Team member competencies ...................................................................................................... 44
7.6.2. Trait configurations ..................................................................................................................... 45
7.7. TEAM PROFILES ........................................................................................................................................ 45
7.8. COGNITIVE TEAM PROCESSES ....................................................................................................................... 45
7.8.1. Measuring shared mental models ............................................................................................... 45
7.8.2. Measuring transactive memory systems ..................................................................................... 46
7.8.3. Effectiveness............................................................................................................................... 46
7.9. TEAM-RESEARCH ACROSS LEVELS .................................................................................................................. 46
7.10. NEW TYPES OF TEAMS ............................................................................................................................... 47
3
, 7.10.1. Four types of teams ..................................................................................................................... 47
7.10.2. Multi team systems ..................................................................................................................... 47
7.11. EIGHT STEPS OF CHANGE ............................................................................................................................ 47
8. LEADERSHIP .......................................................................................................................................... 48
8.1. THE FORGOTTEN ONES: BEHAVIOR ................................................................................................................ 48
8.2. FIEDLER’S MODEL: CONTINGENCY ................................................................................................................. 48
8.3. LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE THEORY (LMX) ................................................................................................ 48
8.4. FULL RANGE MODEL .................................................................................................................................. 49
8.4.1. Transformational vs. Transactional leadership............................................................................ 49
A. Meta-analysis by Judge & Piccolo (2004) ............................................................................................. 50
B. Ling et al. (2008): CEO transformational leadership and firm size ....................................................... 50
C. Critiques ............................................................................................................................................... 50
8.5. BIG FIVE ................................................................................................................................................. 51
8.6. TRUST .................................................................................................................................................... 51
8.7. MENTORING ............................................................................................................................................ 52
8.8. CRITIQUE ................................................................................................................................................ 52
8.9. WOMEN AND LEADERSHIP .......................................................................................................................... 52
9. COMMUNICATION ................................................................................................................................ 53
9.1. PROCESS ................................................................................................................................................. 53
9.2. ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT ........................................................................................................................ 53
9.2.1. Small-group networks ................................................................................................................. 53
9.3. RICHNESS ................................................................................................................................................ 53
9.3.1. Email ........................................................................................................................................... 53
10. POLITICS AND NEGOTIATION ............................................................................................................. 54
10.1. CONFLICT ................................................................................................................................................ 54
10.1.1. Traditional view........................................................................................................................... 54
10.1.2. Interactionist view ....................................................................................................................... 54
10.1.3. Conflict and unit performance ..................................................................................................... 54
10.1.4. The conflict processes ................................................................................................................. 54
10.1.5. Team conflict............................................................................................................................... 55
10.2. NEGOTIATING .......................................................................................................................................... 55
10.2.1. Distributive and integrative bargaining ....................................................................................... 55
10.2.2. The negotiation process .............................................................................................................. 56
10.2.3. Individual differences .................................................................................................................. 56
A. Personality ........................................................................................................................................... 56
B. Culture ................................................................................................................................................. 57
C. Gender ................................................................................................................................................. 57
10.2.4. Third-party negotiations.............................................................................................................. 57
10.3. POWER................................................................................................................................................... 58
10.3.1. Leadership and power ................................................................................................................. 58
10.3.2. Five bases of power ..................................................................................................................... 58
10.3.3. Nine power tactics....................................................................................................................... 58
10.4. POLITICS ................................................................................................................................................. 59
10.4.1. Study about networking .............................................................................................................. 60
10.4.2. Political skill, overall vocational evaluation and job performance. .............................................. 60
11. THE ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................. 61
11.1. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ..................................................................................................................... 61
11.1.1. Work specialization ..................................................................................................................... 61
11.1.2. Departmentalization ................................................................................................................... 61
11.1.3. Chain of command ...................................................................................................................... 61
11.1.4. Span of control ............................................................................................................................ 61
11.1.5. Centralization, formalization and boundary spanning................................................................. 61
11.2. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ........................................................................................................................ 63
4
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper bovanhecke. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €8,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 67474 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen