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Lecture Notes - B&E2: Behaviour in Organisations €2,99   In winkelwagen

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Lecture Notes - B&E2: Behaviour in Organisations

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Here are my notes of all lectures of the course B&E2. This document contains the pictures from the slides and has 'take home messages' at the end.

Voorbeeld 3 van de 21  pagina's

  • 6 augustus 2023
  • 21
  • 2021/2022
  • College aantekeningen
  • Y.j.l. griep
  • Alle colleges
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Lecture 1 – Work & work behaviour
Why bother about work?
Work divided in 3 sectors

1. Agriculture – including forestry, hunting, and fishing
2. Industry – including manufacturing, mining, and construction
3. Services – including transportation, communication, public utilities, trade, finance, and public
administration

Work is an essential part of our lives

- Super prevalent: > 3.5 billion people are employed
- It’s super invasive
- Full-timers spend half of their time on work
- Private time is partly spent on work (overtime,
commuting, thinking about work)
- Impact on health, happiness, and personality
- It’s here to stay
- Working life will be prolonged

Benefits from work

- Income (independence, availability of new resources)
- Social benefits
- Time structure, regular activity
- Opportunities for social contact
- Social identity (source of status and self-esteem)
- Sharing a common purpose
- Opportunities for learning and development

Leading to higher levels of general health and life satisfaction

Drawbacks from work (2020 in the EU)

- Health problems
- Bone joint, muscle problems
- Risk factors for the mental well-being at work

The dynamic scope of W&O psychology
Definition work

A set of coordinated and goal-directed activities that are conducted in exchange to something else

The scope is dynamic




1

,Life expectancy is rising, but the healthy life expectancy isn’t rising to a similar extent

- Strongly related to educational level
- People with lower education are working
under poorer working conditions
- Physical more demanding,
pollution
- People with lower education are more
likely to have a less healthy lifestyle

Organizational change




What does W&O psychology involve?
Core question: how can W&O psychology help people to work in a motivated, productive, and
healthy way during their entire working life?

3 overlapping subdisciplines in work & organizational psychology

- Work (and health) psychology: how should work, work conditions
and work and resting times be structured to guarantee work quality
and good health, and to optimise performance?
- The fit between the job and the person
- Central topics: job design, fatigue, stress, motivation, and
sickness absence
- Organizational psychology: how should organisations and business processes be structured
to make people collaborate as efficiently and effectively as possible?
- Central topics: organisational structure & culture, leadership, organisational change,
dealing with resistance
- Personnel psychology / HRM: how can we ensure an optimal person-job fit and flow of
people through an organisation, in which individual capacities and desires (continue to)
match work demands and opportunities within the organization?
- Central topics: recruitment & selection, development of competences, performance
appraisal, (financial) reward systems




2

, History of W&O psychology
Industrial revolution: first scientific studies about people at work

Scientific management assumptions

- One best way to establish / conduct a task
- Workers are stupid and lazy by nature
- Money is the only motivator
- Managerial control is necessary to gain more profit

Principles of F.W. Taylor

1. Scientific approach: time & motion studies
2. Selection of right worker for the job
3. Training and development of worker
4. Separation of head and handwork: managers think, workers do

Thanks / due to scientific management

- Rise of productivity and profit
- Workers felt exploited
- Protests form labour unions
- US Congress investigations lead to a ban on stopwatch in the work environment

Taylorism is still alive and successful

Ford Motor company

- First assembly line
- Man is extension of machine
- Standards products
- No right to labour unions
- Ford ‘gestapo’ and culture of fear

Between the World Wars After World War II




Current challenges for W&O Psychology




3

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