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Samenvatting Business In The EU (17/20 behaald)

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  • 22 augustus 2023
  • 54
  • 2022/2023
  • Samenvatting
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SAMENVATTING BUSINESS IN THE EU

European Union
 27 member states (NIET: Zwitserland, Noorwegen, UK; CANDIDATES:
Iceland, Turkey, Montenegro, Albania, Nord-Macedonia, Serbia)
 24 official languages
 Regional Separatism (bv Catalonia)

Determinants of Culture




Political Economy of a Nation




1

,  Political System:
Government system of a
nation (bv Democratic or
Totalitarian)
 Legal System: System of
rules that regulate
behavior and processes
which enforce the laws
(bv Common law or Civic
law)
 Economic System: bv
Market economy or
Command economy
EU & Diversity
 Many different languages and traditions
 Big differences in gross average monthly wage and GDP
 Europe’s Mantra: “United in Diversity”
o = as countries we form an unit but there are a lot of differences
between us (cultural and economic) => this diversity comes from
the interaction of the different aspects of political economy
(economics, politics, legal systems, culture)
o we are united and accept our differences.
 Basis of EU written down in Lisbon Treaty and EU Charter of Fundamental
rights:
o Human dignity
o Freedom
o Democracy
o Equality
o Rule of law
o Human rights
 These EU values are common to the EU countries.
 American Declaration of Independence: first civic document that had a
modern definition of human rights


A peaceful Europe
 Historical roots EU => WWII, Europe wanted to end the numerous bloody
wars between neighbors which caused the Second World War
1. Winston Churchill 1946: “We need a kind of United States of Europe”
 Churchill proposed the idea of creating a supranational organization that
would bring together the nations of Europe in a cooperative union, with
the aim of promoting peace, stability, and prosperity in the post-war era.
 He argued that such a union would not only help prevent future wars in
Europe, but also promote economic integration and social progress, and
strengthen Europe's role as a global power.

2. Marshall plan 1948:

2

,  significant post-World War II initiative led by the United States to provide
economic aid to help rebuild Western Europe.
 Aid was in the form of loans and technical assistance.
 It also played a role in fostering political stability, strengthening
democratic institutions, and promoting European integration, laying the
groundwork for the European Union (EU)


3. Council of Europe 1949:
 an international intergovernmental organization that aims to promote
democracy, human rights, and the rule of law in Europe
 founded with the signing of the Treaty of London by ten European
countries: Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom
 = a response to the aftermath of World War II & the desire to promote
peaceful cooperation among European countries and prevent the
recurrence of war.
 several key objectives: the protection of human rights, the promotion of
democratic governance, the development of legal standards, and the
promotion of cultural diversity.

4. European Coal and Steel Community treaty: Germany, France,
Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg decided to run their
coal and steel industries under a common management
 Goal: promote economic cooperation and prevent the recurrence of war
by pooling the production of coal and steel (were key strategic
resources)
 Was a huge success so they expanded their cooperation to other
economic sectors.
 It also proposed the creation of a Common Agriculture Policy**, a
Common Transport Policy and a European Social Fund, and established
the European Commission.

5. Common Market (European Economic Community): region
organization of European countries to promote economic integration
and cooperation.
 principles: free trade, elimination of tariffs (and other trade barriers),
free movement of goods, services, capital & people
 Forerunner of EU
 Treaty of Rome

** Common Agricultural Policy:
 policy of EU
 established as part of European Economic Community
 gives members joint control over food production so that everybody had
enough to eat + farmers were paid the same price for their production.



3

, 6. Customs Union:
 Union where member countries have agreed to eliminate tariffs and
other trade barriers (quotas or other duties) between themselves, and to
apply a common external tariff, duties & rules for imports from non-EU
countries.

7. Single European Market:

 The Single European Act signed 1986 foresaw the establishing of a Single
European Market by 31. December 1992

 4 freedoms because of this single market: free movement of

- Goods

- Services

- People

- Capital

 = EU is one territory without any internal borders or other regulatory
obstacles which makes the free movement of goods, services, people,
and capital difficult.

 Advantages? => Stimulates competition and trade, improves efficiency
and quality, cuts prices

8. 1999: The Euro (€)
 first for commercial and financial transactions only
 Later in 2002: notes and coins became the legal currency in 12 EU
countries.

9. EEA (European Economic Area):
 an international agreement between the European Union (EU) and three
non-EU member states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway. The EEA
provides for the free movement of goods, services, people, and capital
between the EU and these three countries.
 Unites the EU countries and Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein in a
single market
 does not cover certain areas of EU policy, such as common agriculture
and fisheries policies, customs union, and common foreign and security
policy.
 Acquis Communautaire: EEA countries must keep up with any new EU
regulations or standards in certain areas such as consumer protection
and competition.


4

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