Pharmacology Content Mastery Review 2023/24

A nurse is monitoring a client who has just returned to the unit following surgery. The client received an initial dose of morphine 5 mg IV bolus for pain relief. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse report immediately to the provider? Respiratory rate 11/min ​When using the airway, breathing, circulation approach to client care, the priority finding is a respiratory rate of 11/min indicating respiratory depression. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is prescribed captopril for hypertension. Which of the following side effects should the nurse instruct the client to report to the provider immediately? Sore throat The greatest risk to the client is infection related to neutropenia. Unexplained fever, sore throat, and fatigue can indicate an infection and should be immediately reported to the provider. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for spironolactone for hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? Restrict foods high in potassium. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which can cause hyperkalemia. Therefore, the client should restrict foods that are high in potassium. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about the adverse effects of simvastatin. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client to monitor? Muscle pain The nurse should instruct the client to notify the provider if muscle pain or tenderness develops, because this could indicate rhabdomyolysis. A nurse is performing the third check before administering hydromorphone to a client. After opening the unit-dose packet, the client tells the nurse he does not want to take the medication now. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Dispose of the medication with a second nurse as a witness. The nurse must have a witness when disposing of a controlled substance. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed an IM injection of penicillin G benzathine. The client asks why the injection must be given IM instead of through his IV line. Which of the following is the correct response by the nurse? "Your medication can't be given IV because it is not water-soluble." Medications cannot be administered IV if they are not water-soluble. A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is in preterm labor and is receiving magnesium sulfate by continuous IV infusion. Which of the following findings indicats magnesium toxicity? Hyporeflexia Magnesium sulfate depresses neuromuscular activity, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis. Therefore, hyporeflexia can indicate magnesium toxicity. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is prescribed a scopolamine patch for motion sickness. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I should place the patch behind my ear." The client should place the scopolamine patch behind the ear. A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving IV amphotericin B. Which of the following findings indicates an adverse reaction to this medication? Vertigo Ototoxicity is an adverse effect of amphotericin B. Manifestations of ototoxicity include vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is using phenylephrine nasal spray three times daily and reports rebound congestion. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include to reduce the effects of rebound congestion? "Discontinue use in the left nostril, then in the right nostril." Discontinuing the drug one nostril at a time can overcome rebound congestion. A nurse is caring for a client who has just received a prescription for tolbutamide to treat diabetes mellitus. The nurse should question the prescription if the client reports which of the following medication allergies? Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Clients who have a hypersensitivity to sulfonamide antibiotics might also be allergic to sulfonylureas such as tolbutamide. Therefore, the nurse should question the client's prescription for tolbutamide. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for eplerenone to treat hypertension. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor? Hyperkalemia The client is at risk for increased potassium levels because eplerenone can cause potassium retention. A nurse is instilling timolol eyedrops for a client who has glaucoma. Which of the following actions is appropriate for the nurse to take after instilling the eyedrops? Press the nasolacrimal duct. This action will prevent the medication from absorbing into systemic circulation. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parent of a 14-year-old client regarding administration of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV2). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? "Your daughter will receive three doses of this immunization over 6 months." Clients should receive three doses of HPV2 over a 6-month period. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for a beclomethasone inhaler. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I will hold my breath for 5 seconds after administering the medication." The nurse should instruct the client to hold his breath for 5 to 10 seconds after administering the medication and then exhale slowly. This allows the medication to be absorbed in the client's lungs. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a new prescription for dimenhydrinate to treat motion sickness. Which of the following disorders in the client's medical record should the nurse report to the provider as a contraindication? Benign prostatic hyperplasia Clients who have benign prostatic hyperplasia may have urinary hesitancy and retention and therefore should not take dimenhydrinate due to the anticholinergic adverse effects of the medication. A nurse is caring for a client who has hypertension and a prescription for metoprolol. Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for this medication? Second-degree AV block Metoprolol slows the conduction through the AV node. Therefore, it is contraindicated for clients who have an AV block that is greater than first degree. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to start therapy with nifedipine. The nurse should instruct the client that the medication decreases which of the following? Blood pressure Nifedipine causes vasodilation, resulting in decreased blood pressure. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for alendronate. Which of the following client responses indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I will take the medication with 8 ounces of water." Clients should take alendronate on an empty stomach with 240 mL (8 oz) of water to make sure that it does not lodge in the esophagus, which can result in esophageal ulcerations. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for baclofen for multiple sclerosis. Which of the following findings indicates to the nurse that the medication is having a therapeutic effect? Decreased muscle spasticity Baclofen is an antispasmodic that decreases muscle spasticity in clients who have multiple sclerosis. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to start therapy using a nitroglycerin transdermal patch. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? Place the patch on a different site for each application. The client should place the patch on a different site for each application to prevent skin irritation.