Tentamen (uitwerkingen)

Module code: HRPYC81 Research Report for project 4813, Assignment 62 Title of study: INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT AGING HAS ON SHORT-TERM MEMORY TASKS IN A HEALTHY BRAIN .

3 keer verkocht

Vak
HRPYC81

Instelling
University Of South Africa

Module code: HRPYC81 Research Report for project 4813, Assignment 62 Title of study: INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT AGING HAS ON SHORT-TERM MEMORY TASKS IN A HEALTHY BRAIN .Detailed working, solutions, memo, notes & explanations.Nicola-Anne Downes HRPYC81 Assignment 62, Project 4813 Student number:...

[Meer zien]

Voorbeeld 4 van de 54 pagina's

Bekijk voorbeeld

Geupload op 20 september 2023
Aantal pagina's 54
Geschreven in 2023/2024
Type Tentamen (uitwerkingen)
Bevat Vragen en antwoorden

module code hrpyc81 research report for project 4

Instelling
University of South Africa
Vak
HRPYC81

Volgen

Excellentstudyresources001

Lid sinds 3 jaar 1037 documenten verkocht

€2,70

In winkelwagen

Op verlanglijstje

100% tevredenheidsgarantie
Direct beschikbaar na je betaling
Lees online óf als PDF
Geen vaste maandelijkse kosten

Module code: HRPYC81
Research Report for project 4813, Assignment 62
Title of study:
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT AGING HAS ON
SHORT-TERM
MEMORY TASKS IN A HEALTHY BRAIN .

,Nicola-Anne Downes HRPYC81 Assignment 62, Project 4813
1
Student number: 39556018 Unique Reference 735594

Contents

1. Abstract ..............................................................................................................................3
2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................4
3. Literature Review ...............................................................................................................6
3.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................6
3.2 Memory stages ..............................................................................................................7
3.2.1 Encoding stage ..................................................................................................7
3.2.2 Storage stage .....................................................................................................7
3.2.3 Retrieval stage ..................................................................................................8
3.3 Short-Term Memory and Sensory Memory ...................................................................8
3.3.1 Sensory Memory (SM) .....................................................................................8
3.3.2 Short-Term Memory (STM). ...........................................................................8
3.3.3 Short-Term Memory and Sensory Memory Compared. ..............................9
3.4 Working Memory (WM) ...............................................................................................9
Figure 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 10
3.4.1 Working Memory in relationship with Short -Term Memory .................. 11
3.5 Long-term Memory (LTM) ......................................................................................... 11
3.5.1 Procedural memory......................................................................................... 11
3.5.2 Declarative memory ....................................................................................... 11
3.5.3 Implicit Memory Priming. ............................................................................. 11
3.6 STM Enhancement ...................................................................................................... 12
3.6.1 Chunking .......................................................................................................... 12
3.6.2 Mnemonics ....................................................................................................... 12
3.7 Biological aspects of memory...................................................................................... 12
3.8 Cognitive aspects of memory ...................................................................................... 13
3.9 The effect of age on memory ....................................................................................... 14
3.10 Delineating short-term/working memory for researching purposes ............................ 14
3.11 Research Questions ................................................................................................... 15
4. Method ............................................................................................................................. 16
4.1 Participants ................................................................................................................. 16
4.2 Ethics .......................................................................................................................... 16
4.3 Apparatus .................................................................................................................... 17
4.4 Research Design .......................................................................................................... 17
4.5 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 17
5. Reliability and validity...................................................................................................... 17
6. Data Collection ................................................................................................................. 18

,Nicola-Anne Downes HRPYC81 Assignment 62, Project 4813
2
Student number: 39556018 Unique Reference 735594

7. Data Analysis ................................................................................................................... 19
7.1 Phonetic Loop Tests .................................................................................................... 19
7.2 Spatial Tests ................................................................................................................ 21
8. Results .............................................................................................................................. 22
8.1 Group Structures ......................................................................................................... 22
8.2 Phonetic Loop Test words recalled correctly ............................................................... 22
8.3 Phonetic Loop Test words falsely recalled ................................................................... 22
8.4 Phonetic Loop Results AFTER memory chunking techniques trained.......................... 22
8.5 Spatial Tests String Length of correct digits recalled sequentially. ............................... 24
8.6 Spatial Tests String Length of correct digits recalled sequentially AFTER memory
chunking techniques trained .............................................................................................. 24
9. Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 24
10. Limitations and future recommendations ........................................................................ 26
11. Significance of this research ........................................................................................... 26
12. Concluding remarks ........................................................................................................ 26
Reference List ..................................................................................................................... 27
Plagiarism Declaration.......................................................................................................... 30
Addendum A: Consent Form ................................................................................................ 31
Part I: Information Sheet ................................................................................................... 31
Part II: Certificate of Consent ............................................................................................ 33
Addendum B: Questionnaires ............................................................................................... 34
Addendum C: Data Analysis................................................................................................. 38

List of Abbreviations:

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Short-Term Memory (STM)
Working Memory (WM)
Long-Term Memory (LTM)

, Nicola-Anne Downes HRPYC81 Assignment 62, Project 4813
3
Student number: 39556018 Unique Reference 735594

Investigating The Effect Aging Has On Short-Term Memory Tasks in A Healthy Brain

1. Abstract

The decline in memory as we age has long been thought to be a product of normal aging.
Short term memory studies in the earlier years, up to the late 1990s, seemed to support
this belief. Short-term memory holds information temporarily that other mental
processes require (Cowan, N et al, 1999), and air-traffic controllers must remember
large amounts of current information in order to not cause air collisions.
Memory studies in growing body of cognitive neuroscience research show that the brain
is adaptive and makes adjustments to compensate for declines in certain areas. These
studies have far-reaching consequences and should be used to inform retirement ages
and training policies as older adults are ‘quite capable of performing at high levels of
proficiency on fast-paced demanding real-world tasks’ (Nunes & Kramer, 2009).
A sample of 30 participants, divided by age into two groups where one group was 20 to
40 years old, and the older group were all between 50 to 70 years old, were tested. The
short-term memory functions, based on Baddeley’s working memory model, have two key
processes. The Visuo-Spatial and Phonological Loop processes hold information in the
short-term memory for a few seconds only. The central executive acts as a supervisor
and coordinates what happens to this information (McCleod, Working Memory, 2012).
The research conducted on these two key areas in this study confirmed that there is a
while there is difference in short-term memory performance when two different age
groups were tested, it is unclear what impact these differences would have in reality,
beyond a test environment. What is clear is how learning a memory enhancement method
such as the ‘Chunking’ technique, short-term and working memory performance was
markedly improved across both age groups.

Key Words

Short-term memory, working memory, long-term memory, chunking, cognition, priming,
regency

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Focus op de essentie

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper Excellentstudyresources001. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €2,70. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 69052 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen

Tentamen (uitwerkingen)

Module code: HRPYC81 Research Report for project 4813, Assignment 62 Title of study: INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT AGING HAS ON SHORT-TERM MEMORY TASKS IN A HEALTHY BRAIN .

Document informatie

Onderwerpen

Geschreven voor

Verkoper

Ontvangen beoordelingen

Voorbeeld van de inhoud