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Lectures of Core Themes in Anthropology - VU
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This is a summary of all the lectures of Core Themes of Anthropology. This includes all the power point slides and everything Freek Colombijn mentioned in his lectures.

Voorbeeld 4 van de 55  pagina's

Document informatie

  • 26 november 2023
  • 55
  • 2023/2024
  • College aantekeningen
  • Freek colombijn
  • Alle colleges

Onderwerpen

  • lectures core themes
  • core themes
  • anthropology
  • antropologie
  • social and cultural anthropology

Geschreven voor

  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
  • Social and Cultural Anthropology
  • Onbekend

Verkoper

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Voorbeeld van de inhoud

Ethics in Anthropology: Lectures
Lecture 1: Introduction
Anthropology a distinctive social science:
A social science that is research based, looks at individuals, has ethnography (scientific
descriptions of peoples and cultures) and has fieldwork as its defining work.

 It studies people, which is everything.
 Culture: the way of life. It is looking at the commonalities.
 The view of how interlocutors (others/respondents) look at the world.
 Holism: An approach of looking at the connections between all different factors.
 Contextualization: whatever you study, you study it in the context of something else. You
try to understand how people make sense of it themselves.
 Critical attitude
 Solidarity with marginalized people; we look at people in difficult situations
(empathetic).

Whole world as object of study
Anthropologist excel in making the familiar exotic and the exotic familiar through
comparison.
 Different things/cultures start to become logical.
 Things that you took for granted in your own society, you start to be (re)amazed by it.

Definition of anthropology; study differences and commonalities.
 Comparison of societies; what is essential and specific for humans in general.
 Fieldwork: Comparative study of cultural and social life.

Four fields: in EU different disciplines (in USA its all the same)
 Cultural anthropology
 Physical anthropology; human bones, and the evolution
 Archaeology
 Linguistic anthropology

Culture: Different aspects of behaviors which members of societies have acquired (after they
were born).
E.g.: abilities, notions (what do you think of society), forms of behavior, objects.
 Refers to the acquired, cognitive, and symbolic aspects of existence.
 It is learned, shared human behavior and ideas, which can and do change with time.

Caveats (kanttekeningen) of culture
 Unawareness of culture: it is noticed after culture differences.
 Context specific: how one behaves depends on the context.
 Not deterministic; it does not define how one should behave in a specific situation.
 Not bounded; it looks integrated/shared/bounded, but it is not shared by all or most
inhabitants.
 Not integrated, different opinions about people’s own culture.
 Means something different to anthropologist and politicians.

, Lecture 2: Theoretical paradigms and decolonization
The end of colonialism; the people observed started to have their own intellectuals and
spokespersons who frequently object to how others interpret their life.

Decolonization: groups that used to dominate the discipline take a step aside to create space
for other voices.

Ethnocentrism: evaluating other people from one’s own vantage point and describing them
in one’s own terms.
 People make moral judgement (fact or assumption) based on own standards or
background.

Cultural relativism: is the doctrine that societies or cultures are qualitatively different and
have their own unique inner logic, and that it is therefore scientifically absurd to rank them
on a scale’.
 Attempting to understand other societies in an as unprejudiced way as possible.
 It is accepting cultures on your own terms, assess and accept that people from different
cultures do something differently.

à As anthropologist our curiosity comes from ethnocentric judgment, that’s why we are
festinating.
à Being a total cultural relativist is not possible due to experience/backgrounds.

Meanings of a ‘colonized anthropology’
 Anthropology departments
 Relationship between anthropologist and researched people
 Anthropology canon: what are the classical words.
 Anthropological concepts.

Relationship between anthropologist and research people is always one between a white,
Northern scholar and non-white people in the South.
 19th century, early 20th century; change started.
 Large groups have merged in former colonized companies.
 Inversed anthropology: research in urban societies and look at integration into society.

Ontological & Epistemology
Epistemology: ‘the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity and
scope’.
 The reflection on the methods that you used; which are valid / best / worse / objective /
reliable?

Ontology: ‘the branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being’
 Sometimes you are theorizing about something in a culture that in the culture its selves is
not relevant or even a factor, thus why should you do it?
 They are not just human actors in society but also non-human actors.

, E.g. if a culture says there is a spiritual world and you don’t believe in it, you should not
mention it but go with it.

Theory: a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one
based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.
 Specifies a relationship between at least two different factors, at a level that is more general
than you are experiencing / know now.
 Theory attempts to answer critical philosophical and practical problems.

Levels:
1. Concept
2. Processes; a higher level, more explanatory level.
3. Grand theories; enormous explanatory ideas (e.g., evolutionism).

Function:
 Communication with scholars; need concepts to talk to your peers.
 Understanding & explaining researched phenomena.
 Defining what is relevant and what do we leave out?

Theoretical paradigms: assumptions about the nature of society, a theoretical core, examples
of key texts, a name for the paradigm, and a sense of membership among the followers.
 Starts from a theoretical core idea.
 Replies to specific concerns/questions from our history / era.
 They emerge in a particular era and to earlier ideas.

Paradigms:
 Structural-functionalism (Radclife): phenomena is functional and contribute to overall
structure.
 Historical particularism (Boaz): Focus on relationship and the structure.
 Transactionalism (Barth)
 Structuralism (Mauss)
 Evolutionism
 Culture and personality
 Symbolic or interpretive anthropology
 Genderstudies
 Postmodernism
 And more

Evolutonism
 Lewis Henry morgan, Ancient Society (1877)
 Johannes Bachofen, Das Muterrecht (1861); wrote about evolution of
partnership/marriage. According to him male & female is the best.
 Edward Burnett Tylor, Anthropology (1881)

The era of imperialism, globalization: this came together in the paradigm of evolutionism.

Historical particularism: the view that all societies or cultures have their own unique history.

,  Franz Boas (1858 – 1942); fieldwork among Inuit and Kwakiutl; emphasized that we need
to look at every society as an individual case.

Structural-functionalism and colonialism: most social and cultural phenomena could be seen
as functional in the sense that they contributed to the maintenance of the overall social
structure.
 British anthropologists developed a strong interest in local politics among peoples often
subjected to indirect rule from the colonial office.
 Came from imperialism gave an inescapable

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