College aantekeningen Health Policy and Action (HSO30306)
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Health Policy and Action (HSO30306)
Instelling
Wageningen University (WUR)
Gedetailleerde college aantekeningen Health Policy and Action (HSO30306), de learning goals zijn in de samenvatting verwerkt waardoor het leren nog makkelijker wordt!
Learning outcomes (introduction)
- Define the concepts ‘public health’, ‘policy’, ‘public policy’, ‘(public) health policy’ and provide
examples
- Understand basic approaches in policy-making and provide an example
- Know the definition of coordinated action for health
Definition concepts
- Public health = science and practice of preventing disease, protecting and improving health,
prolonging life and promoting health of a community or population
- Policy =
o Is principle, value or course of action which guides decision-making
o Can specify expectations, regulations and guides to action
o Can be informal (e.g. house rules) or more formal (e.g. healthy schools)
o Can contribute to a fairer society by providing more equitable access to the determinants of
health (e.g. income, housing, health care)
o Has a consequence for non-compliance and some method of enforcement
- Public Policy is not:
o A position statement or white paper
o Guideline
o Recommendation
o A policy may BEGIN as one of the above
- Public Health Policy =
o Public health policy is similar to healthy public policy
o Public health policy can be realised through Health in All Policies (HiAP)
o Public health policy is about the provision of organisations in the field of healthcare
, - Example rationaal appraoch: ontwikkeling en implementatie van verkeersveligheidsbeleid
- Example interactief approach: te vinden in stedelijke ruimetelijke planning
Policy and politics
- Politics is any pattern of influence (control, power, authority) that involves persistent human relations
- Political strategies aim to change
• power of supporters and opponents
• position of supporters and opponents
• players who are mobilised
• perceptions of the problem and policy
- Invloeden vanuit cultuur (normen en waarden), geschiedenis, sociale media etc.
Health Policy and Action
- Action to be undertaken for better health
- Coordinated Action for health
o = action in which organizations and clients in one or more sectors work together to jointly
achieve a health outcome in a way which if more efficient than might be achieved by the
health sector working alone
Health actions: Ottowa Charter of Health Promotion
, -> dit vak linker kolom
(socioeconomic and political context)
Learning outcomes (WHO)
- Know the organisations: WHO, Health Assembly, Commission on Social Determinants of Health, WHO
Regions
- Understand the roles of the WHO in public health (policy)
- Welfare state regimes
o Know the characteristics of different types of welfare state regimes
o Explain how the welfare state regime impacts (inequity in) health and well-being
Global Health Policy
Who?
- World Health Organisation: Specialised agency of the United Nations
, - WHO regions:
WHO
- Mission in 1948: the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health
- Mission today: to achieve full health potential for all
- Basic values of WHO:
● Health is a human right
● Equity for all (solidarity)
● Shared responsibility
WHO view on health
- Health For All: a WHO programming goal which envisions securing the health and well being of people
around the world.
- Health should be regarded as an objective of economic development.
- Literacy for all.
- The health services must be accessible to all. Immunization must achieve universal coverage.
- A holistic concept calling for efforts in agriculture, industry, education, housing, and communications,
just as much as in medicine and public health.
Major tasks WHO
- 1948: combat disease, especially infectious disease, and to promote the general health of the people
in the world.
- Today also:
● combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and non-communicable diseases
● Mental disorders, violence and injuries, road safety, physical activity
● Global initiatives, e.g. surgery, trauma care
- And again: emerging infectious diseases (leiderschap in geval van crisis)
WHO response to outbreaks
- WHO supports countries to control outbreaks
▪ Define and prioritize research
▪ Enhance surveillance of virus
▪ Strengthen capacity in risk communication
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