CMN 010V Exam 2 Correctly Answered.

CMN 010V Exam 2 Correctly Answered. Gender - correct answer Gender - Socially constructed system of symbols that a culture uses to define what it means to be a man or a woman -Socially constructed (defined by society) -System of symbols -Definition of being a man or a woman -Masculinity vs. femininity -A product of culture - very little to do with biology Gender changes over time - correct answer 50 - 60 years ago to be a man was to work, to be a woman was to be at home raising the children, cooking and cleaning. Gender varies across culture - correct answer - Cultures have different definitions of masculinity and femininity - Gender norms Two men holding hands in other cultures means friends vs. our culture means they are gay Gender is something that is very contextually dependent - correct answer - Each person is different and can behave and ways that are inconsistent w/ what youd predict given gender assumptions - Situational variations that can trump any effects from gender that make it hard to predict - Dynamic - changes across times, cultures, people, etc. Sex - correct answer - Genetically and biologically determined (Males XY chromosomes, Females XX) - Individual characteristics - Definition of being a man or a woman - Does not vary over time, cultures or moments in conversation - stable and not contextually stable Intersex conditions - correct answer genetic conditions that can result in genetic females having male-looking genitalia and genetic males having female-looking genitalia Gender is at a... - correct answer societal level Gender identity - correct answer at the individual level self-perception as a man or woman -views him or herself as masculine or feminine -people vary in their gender identity Gender identity does not equal sex - correct answer - Ex. gender identity inconsistent w/ sex; Men identifying w/ femininity ***Androgynous - identify w/ both masculinity and femininity - Gender identity and sexual orientation can be related they are separate; Ex. heterosexual man can strongly identify w/ femininity for than masculinity Gender is usually conceptualized as a trait - correct answer Trait - stable characteristic that doesn't change -gender identity is an individual different or stable disposition of someone, at the same time, it can be activated or triggered depending on the situation -Degree to which it is activated or triggered in one's mind changes across situations, which has implications for how people behave. When gender identity is triggered people are more likely to behave and communicate in ways according to their gender identity Gender identity can influence one's behavior and their communication specifically - correct answer Behave in ways that are masculine or feminine depending on the extent to which they identify w/ stereotypical man or woman Definition of gender-based language - correct answer - when people communicate in ways that are related to their gender identity - When gender is activated or triggered for a communicator they will be likely to use language according to gender norms and expectations Assertiveness (trying to influence others) - correct answer - Can be behavioral (do something for me) or attitudinal (agree w/ me) - Primarily associated w/ masculinity • Power, independence, dominance • Interruptions, disagreeing, giving suggestions, criticizing - Tentative language - extent to which someone displays uncertainty when communicating • Using tentative language puts someone on the low end of the spectrum for the assertiveness dimension, absence is high on assertive dimension Assertiveness forms of communication - correct answer -associated w/ femininity and women -connecting to others, rapport, intimacy (connecting to other, rapport, intimacy, compliments, support, praise) -emotional language; referencing to emotion