Pediatric ARDMS Exam with Questions and Answers
Name the 6 cranial bones. ANSWER Frontal, Temporal, Ethmoid, Parietal, Occipital, Sphenoid
Which cranial bone is the "batwing" shaped bone? ANSWER Sphenoid
Name the 5 major sutures of the skull ANSWER Coronal suture
Frontal/Metopic suture
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Pediatric ARDMS Exam with Questions
and Answers
Name the 6 cranial bones. ANSWER Frontal, Temporal, Ethmoid, Parietal, Occipital,
Sphenoid
Which cranial bone is the "batwing" shaped bone? ANSWER Sphenoid
Name the 5 major sutures of the skull ANSWER Coronal suture
Frontal/Metopic suture
Lambdoidal suture
Sagittal suture
Squamosal suture
What bones form the coronal suture? ANSWER Frontal and parietal
What bones form the frontal/metopic suture? ANSWER The 2 frontal bones
What bones form the lambdoidal suture? ANSWER Occipital and parietal
What bones form the sagittal suture? ANSWER The 2 parietal bones
What bones form the squamosal suture? ANSWER Temporal and parietal
Whats the difference between craniosynostosis and cloverleaf skull? ANSWER
Craniosynostosis - premature fusion of the lambdoidal, coronal, and sagittal sutures.
---- May lead to microcephaly and secondary microcephaly.
,Cloverleaf skull - premature fusion of the coronal and lambdoidal sutures.
---- Trilobed skull appearance
---- Children die in infancy and have profound mental deficiencies.
Name the fontanelles of the skull ANSWER Anterior fontanelle
Posterior fontanelle
Mastoid fontanelle
Sphenoid fontanelle
Where is the anterior fontanelle located? ANSWER Junction of the 2 frontal bones and 2
parietal bones
Where is the posterior fontanelle located? ANSWER Junction of the 2 parietal bones and the
occipital bones
Where is the mastoid fontanelle located? ANSWER Junction of the temporal, parietal, and
occipital bones
Where is the sphenoid fontanelle located? ANSWER Formed by the frontal bone, anterior tip
of the parietal bone and temporal bone and the greqater wing of the sphenoid bone.
Name the divisions of the brain ANSWER Prosencephalon
-- Telencephalon and diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
-- Metencephalon and myelencephalon
,Spinal cord
What are the regions of the brain? ANSWER Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Describe the gyri of the brain. ANSWER The folds / convolutions of the brain on the
cerebrum.
They are hypoechoic sonographically.
Describe the sucli of the brain. ANSWER The grooves that separate the gyri.
They are echogenic sonographically.
Describe the sulci and gyri in premature infants. ANSWER Premature infants have less sulci
due to normal sucal development occuring between 32 and 40 weeks gestation.
Describe the sucli and gyri in term infants. ANSWER The sulci and gyri are more prominent
in term infants.
Term infants with absence of sulci may have cerebral edema or an infection.
Name the major gyrus. ANSWER Cingulate gyrus
Where is the cingulate gyrus (major gyrus) located? ANSWER It partially wraps around the
corpus callosum, posterior to the cingulate sulcus and the callosal marginal artery is within it.
What is the appearance of the cingulate gyrus? ANSWER Hypoechoic
, What are other important gyri other than the major gyrus? ANSWER Precentral
Postcentral
Hippocampal gyri
Name the major sulcus. ANSWER Central sulcus- Main sulcus
AKA sulcus / fissure of Rolando
Where is the major sulcus located? ANSWER Separates the frontal and parietal lobes
What are other important sulci other than the major sulcus? ANSWER Parietal-Occipital
sulcus - carries the PCA (posterior cerebral artery)
Cingulate sulcus - carries the callosal marginal artery
Calcarine sulcus
What are two main fissures of the brain? ANSWER Interhemispheric fissure
Lateral fissure
Describe the interhemispheric fissure. ANSWER AKA longitudinal fissure.
Separates the right and left lobes of the brain.
Describe the lateral fissure. ANSWER AKA sylvian fissure.
Divides the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.
Longer in the left hemisphere.
Carries the MCA (middle cerebral artery)
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