WGU Global Business D080
Cost
Economies of scale and scope. Exploiting cost of factors of production
Competition
New Markets and increased levels of trade
Government
Favorable policies and support for industry
Subsidies
A sum of money granted by the government to assist an indus...
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WGU Global Business D080
Cost
Economies of scale and scope. Exploiting cost of factors of production
Competition
New Markets and increased levels of trade
Government
Favorable policies and support for industry
Subsidies
A sum of money granted by the government to assist an industry or business
Patents
Protects inventions and improvements to existing inventions for a limited period of time in exchange
for detailed public disclosure of those inventions
Copyrights
A government authority or license giving the owner of an invention the right to exclude others from
making or selling the invention for a set period of time
Trademarks
Protection for any word, name, symbol, device, or any combination used in commerce to identify and
distinguish the goods of one manufacturer or seller from goods manufactured or sold by others
Ethical business practices
Arguably the most substantial of the challenges faced by MNCs-ethical business practices in areas
such as labor, product safety, environmental stewardship, corruption, and regulatory compliance-has
historically played a dramatic role in the success or failure of global players
Organizational structure
Another significant hurdle is the ability to efficiently and effectively incorporate new regions into the
value chain and corporate structure
Public relations
Public image and branding are critical components of most businesses
Leadership
It can be difficult for businesses to find an effective organizational leadership having the appropriate
knowledge and skills to approach a given geographic market successfully
Legal and regulatory structure
Every nation has unique laws and regulations that govern business. MNCs need access to legal
expertise that will help them understand in country laws and comply with applicable regulations
,Infrastructure
Infrastructure includes the basic physical and organizational structures needed for a society to
operate and for an economy to function
Technology
The level of technological development of a nation affects the attractiveness of doing business there
and the type of operations that are possible
Cultural distance refers to people's differences based on language, norms, national or ethnic identity,
levels of trust, tolerance, respect for entrepreneurship and social networks, or other country specific
qualities
Administration
Bilateral trade flows show that administratively similar countries trade much more with each other
than dissimilar countries
In Globalization 1.0
nations dominated global expansion
Globalization 2.0
was driven by the ascension of multinational companies, which pushed global development
In Globalization 3.0
significant software advances have allowed an unprecedented number of people worldwide to work
together with unlimited potential
Authoritarian governments
Centralize all control in the hands of one strong leader or a strong small group of leaders who have
full authority
Totalitarianism
Contends that every aspect of an individual's life should be controlled and dictated by a strong central
government. Tend to use more fear and corruption to maintain control
Anarchism
Contends that individuals should control political activities, and public government is both
unnecessary and unwanted
Democratic governments
Derive their power from the people of the country, either by direct referendum (called a direct
democracy) or through elected representatives of the people (a representative democracy)
Free trade zones
These areas have reduced tariffs, taxes, customs, procedures, or restrictions to promote trade with
other countries
, Command Economy
Economic effort is devoted to goals passed down from a ruler or a ruling class. Resources and
businesses are owned by the government
Mixed economy
Supply and demand are generally determined by individuals or companies, but the government will
intervene as necessary
Traditional economies
Are focused around families or tribes where everyone consumes and produces the same goods, there
is no surplus, and members barter. Little to no global trade is practiced
Market economy, goods and services are owned by individuals or companies that can buy, sell, or
lease them to make a profit with minimum interference by the government
Communism
A system in which all property is publicly owned and the government controls global trade
Capitalism
A system in which the means of production is controlled by private owners who can choose to
participate in global trade
Socialism
A system in which the government controls the means of production and regulates global trade
Industrialized
Prevalent formation of new markets with possibility of saturation
Less developed
Focus on agriculture and raw materials with limited imports
Developing
Growing population which leads to long term growth potential
Civil Law
An inquisitorial system where the investigating judge investigates the facts of the case
Common Law
Judges interpret the law, and judicial rulings can set precedent
Religious Law
Is based on religious guidelines
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