NURS 2514 Midterm Study Guide
pepsin correct answer✔✔ an enzyme present in gastric juice that begins
the breakdown of proteins
gluconeogenesis correct answer✔✔ formation of glucose from non-
carbohydrate sources
glucogenesis correct answer✔✔ formation of glucose
glycogenesis correct answer✔✔ formation of glycogen
glycogenolysis correct answer✔✔ breakdown of glycogen to glucose
increase correct answer✔✔ epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone, and
glucagon are all hormones that ____________ blood glucose
GLP 1 correct answer✔✔ an incretin hormone that is release after we
eat, slows gastric emptying, suppresses appetite, and increases
pancreatic insulin secretion
DKA correct answer✔✔ complication primarily of Type I DM, results
in hyperglycemia, ketone production, and severe dehydration
,HHS correct answer✔✔ complication primarily of Type II DM,
hyperglycemic state where the patient has just enough insulin to prevent
ketosis, results in severe dehydration and dangerously high BG levels.
insulin correct answer✔✔ hormone that stimulates cellular uptake of
glucose, potassium, and amino acids, increases protein and fat synthesis,
and promotes protein and glycogen synthesis in muscles
hyperkalemia correct answer✔✔ insulin is uncharacteristically given to
treat this dangerous body condition
bolus insulin correct answer✔✔ insulin that is acutely released at meal
times, short-duration and fast-acting
basal insulin correct answer✔✔ insulin that is continuously released,
long-duration and long-acting
Rosiglitazone correct answer✔✔ TZD mediation, decreases insulin
resistance in target tissues and decreases glucose production in the liver,
should not be used in combination with insulin, insulin sensitizer
Liraglutide correct answer✔✔ GLP-1 agonist, activates receptors for
GLP-1 which stimulates glucose-dependent insulin release, inhibits
glucagon secretion, and suppresses gastric emptying and appetite,
incretin mimetic
,Sitagliptin correct answer✔✔ DPP-4 inhibitor, prevents glucose levels
from rising after meals, enhances the action of incretin hormones,
incretin mimetic
Glyburide correct answer✔✔ insulin secretagogues, stimulates
pancreatic insulin release, may also increase cell sensitivity, can cause
hypoglycemia
Repaglinide correct answer✔✔ insulin secretagogues, stimulates
pancreatic insulin release, shorter acting than Glyburide, can cause
hypoglycemia
Acarbose correct answer✔✔ alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, delays
absorption of dietary carbohydrates, reduces blood glucose after meals,
side effects are consistent with GI upset, can cause hypoglycemia when
paired with other OAHs, glucose waster
Canagliflozin correct answer✔✔ inhibits SGLT-2 in the kidney,
reducing resorption of glucose in the urine, increases urinary glucose
excretion, common side effects include UTI + yeast infections
alpha glucosidase correct answer✔✔ an enzyme located in the intestine
that normally breaks down carbohydrates for absorption
incretin correct answer✔✔ a hormone produced by the intestine which
increases insulin synthesis and release from the pancreas postprandially
, liver and brain correct answer✔✔ which two organs do not require
insulin to use glucose?
skeletal muscle and adipose tissue correct answer✔✔ which two tissue
types require insulin to use glucose?
insulin lispro correct answer✔✔ short-duration, rapid-acting insulin,
peak of 30 - 150 minutes, administer 15 minutes before meals
insulin aspart correct answer✔✔ short-duration, rapid-acting insulin,
peak of 30 - 150 minutes, administer 5-10 minutes before meals
insulin R correct answer✔✔ regular human insulin, short-acting, peak of
1 - 5 hours, administer 30 minutes before meals, only insulin able to be
given by IV
NPH insulin correct answer✔✔ intermediate-acting insulin, peak of 6 -
14 hours, administer twice a day at the same times, cloudy, able to be
mixed with short-acting insulins
insulin glargine correct answer✔✔ long-acting insulin, has no peak,
administer once daily at the same time each day, onset of 1 hour
insulin detemir correct answer✔✔ long-acting insulin, has no peak,
administer once daily at the same time each day, onset of 1 - 2 hours
