MCB3020 EXAM 1 WITH CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Microbes - CORRECT ANSWER-Photosynthetic microbes
changed the Earths atmosphere by releasing oxygen as a
byproduct of photosynthesis. Valuable ecosystem services and
maintain livability of the Earth. Organism that cannot be seen
by the na...
Microbes - CORRECT ANSWER-Photosynthetic microbes
changed the Earths atmosphere by releasing oxygen as a
byproduct of photosynthesis. Valuable ecosystem services and
maintain livability of the Earth. Organism that cannot be seen
by the naked eye. NOT ALL MICROBES CAUSE DISEASES!
Antimicrobial Agents - CORRECT ANSWER-Chemicals that kill
bacteria; naturally produced by bacteria and fungi as defense
mechanisms
Chemotherapeutics - CORRECT ANSWER-General category
of chemicals that protect against diseases
Microbiology - CORRECT ANSWER-branch of biology that
deals with microbes
Infectious diseases - CORRECT ANSWER-When microbes
grow and multiply after entering the body
1900 top causes of death: - CORRECT ANSWER-
Tuberculosis, pneumonia, diarrhea, enteritis
,Top causes of death today: - CORRECT ANSWER-Heart
Disease, Cancer, Stroke
Why a decrease in the role of infectious diseases? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Dr. Asghari attributes this decrease to the discovery
of antibiotics, vaccines, & greater attention to sanitation. (U.S.
Department of Health recognized the role of dirty water in
spreading infectious diseases.- Recommended chlorination of
drinking water to rid it of microbes.)
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER-Spontaneous Generation:
living things could spontaneously arise from non-living things.
Louis Pasteur (The Father of Microbiology) - CORRECT
ANSWER-Disproved spontaneous generation with the swan
neck flask experiment. (Germ Theory of Disease).
Also known for his work on pasteurization (for eliminating
unwanted organisms in wine), working with vaccines for rabies,
and perfected fermentation showing that yeast can turn sugar
to ethanol.
Robert Hooke - CORRECT ANSWER-Coined the term "cell".
All organisms are made of cells.
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek - CORRECT ANSWER-Discovered
the first microscope, first to visualize microbes.
Edward Jenner - CORRECT ANSWER-Developed first vaccine
(smallpox vaccine).
He noticed that milkmaids almost never got the disease and
hypothesized that it was because they were already exposed to
a similar diseases( cowpox), allowing them to develop
immunity.
Tested this theory by having a young boy have cowpox and
then injecting him with smallpox.
His theory was correct. Smallpox- first human disease to be
eradicated, no need for any vaccines.
,Ignaz Semmelweis - CORRECT ANSWER-Advocated hand
washing. Suggested that women were more likely to die during
childbirth at a hospital than at home because of the spread of
diseases.
John Snow - CORRECT ANSWER-Began science of
epidemiology how diseases spread). Showed how cholera
spreads in a contaminated water supply.
Robert Koch (Koch's Postulate) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Relationship between a microbe and a disease. "One microbe,
One disease". This theory does not always hold true.
Discovered Bacillus anthracis.
Paul Ehrlich - CORRECT ANSWER-Mixed and matched
chemicals to find magic bullets for a disease.
Developed a drug called Salvarsann- treats syphilis
Alexander Fleming - CORRECT ANSWER-Discovered
penicillin, first antibiotic.
Frederick Griffith - CORRECT ANSWER-Discovered genetic
transformation
James Watson & Francis Crick - CORRECT ANSWER-
Discovered structure of DNA
Basic Research Microbiology - CORRECT ANSWER-study of
the classification of microbes , microbial processes,
relationships between microbes and diseases.
Impact of microbes on CO2 & CH4 levels - CORRECT
ANSWER-Impact global climate change. Greenhouses form a
"blanket" that traps heat".
Need greenhouse gases, but too much in the atmosphere
causes global temperatures to gradually increase.
, Applied Microbiology - CORRECT ANSWER-application of our
basic understanding or microbial processes and interactions.
Three Domains of life - CORRECT ANSWER-Bacteria,
Archaea, ( Porkaryotes)
Eukarya (fungi, plants, animals, algae, protozoans)
Hallmarks of Cells (All cells, whether prokaryote or eukaryote
have this) - CORRECT ANSWER--Cell Membrane (controls
what comes in and out)
-Genetic material, DNA in chromosomes
**Cells can have extrachromosmal DNA**
**Plasmids: small pieces of DNA that exist outside of the
chromosome**
-Self replication
-Regulation across membranes
-Similar macromolecules
-Energy use
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER-- Less than 0.5 to 2
microns
-No nuclei, DNA integrated in a nucleoid region
-DNA is circular
-Have plasmids
-Ribosomes
-CAN have cells walls, but dont have to
-Have a more active cell membrane than eukaryotes (ATP
produced along membrane)
-Faster gene expression
Larger SA to V ratio, allowing more efficient nutrient transport 3
-Binary Fission: division of cell into two
-Gas Vacuole: makes cells buoyant in an aquatic environment
-Inclusion bodies: used for storage of nutrients such as carbon
and phosphate. (PHB: poly-b-hydroxybutyrate, a carbon and
energy source often stored here)
-Capsules and slime layers
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