Biology 114 Final Exam Questions and Correct Answers
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What is ecology? The scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and with their physical environment. It is a basic science not synonymous with environmentalism/ environmental science.
How is ecology different from environment science? In environmental science, there is always some ...
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how is ecology different from environment science
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Biology 114 Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers
What is ecology? ✅The scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and
with their physical environment. It is a basic science not synonymous with
environmentalism/ environmental science.
How is ecology different from environment science? ✅In environmental science, there
is always some human focus in the study.
Biological Organization levels from smallest to largest ✅Organism, population,
community, ecosystem, biosphere.
What is a population? ✅A group of interbreeding organisms of the same kind.
What is a community? ✅Group of interacting populations inhabiting a given area (biotic
community)
What is an ecosystem? ✅The biotic community together with its abiotic environment.
What is a biosphere? ✅all the environment and organisms on earth. (global)
What do ecologists study? ✅Organismal ecology, population ecology, community
ecology, ecosystem ecology.
Population size within an area is determined by: ✅Birth: increases size
Death: decreases size
Immigration: Increases size
Emigration: decreases size
Models of population growth often assume what about immigration and emigration?
✅That emigration is very close to immigration, thus they balance each other out. So
they focus mostly on birth and death rates.
What are the two population growth models? ✅Exponential growth and Logistic
growth.
Describe the exponential growth model. ✅The "natural" growth pattern of populations;
As the population size increases, population growth becomes increasingly faster.
Exponential growth curve
, Describe the logistic growth model ✅In the real world, this unrestrained growth
(exponential model) cannot continue indefinitely. As population density increases,
competition for available resources among individuals also increases. Eventually,
increased mortality and or decreased reproductive success will slow down and the stop
population growth. Follows and S-shaped curve.
What is the carrying capacity? ✅The number of individuals that the environment can
support (K)
What factors slow down population growth as a population approaches carrying
capacity? ✅As the population density increases, resources become more limited,
some individuals don't survive, others can't reproduce.
As the population density increases, the population reducing effects of predators,
parasites, and diseases are felt more strongly.
What are the historical trends of the human population? ✅Human population was very
stable and around the industrial revolution the population numbers took off. Death rate
decreased, especially in children.
What is population growth like in the US? ✅"zero population growth" because births
and deaths are equal; we should actually see a decline, but the population is still
growing due to immigration.
What is a "bottom-heavy" demographic momentum? ✅Found in India and Mexico,
expect rapid growth because there are large numbers of children that are going to grow
up. Birth rates are high while death rates are low because there are less older people to
die.
Is there a carrying capacity for Earth? ✅Every population has a K, we just don't know
where. Some believe there isn't one, but others believe we've already reached it.
Humans are pushing the carrying capacity higher due to technological advances.
What is predation? ✅One organism (the predator) kills and consumes another
organism (the prey). Positive/negative interaction; positive for predator, negative for
prey.
What is parasitism? ✅one organism (the parasite) receives nourishment from the living
tissues of another organism (the host) a parasite does not supply its how with any
service or resource in return; Positive for parasite, negative for host.
What is Parasitoid? ✅An organism whose larvae live within and consume their host;
usually parasitoid and host are both insects.
What is herbivory? ✅one organism (the herbivore) receives nourishment from a plant
in some manner, without supplying the plant any service or resource in return. If the
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