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Advanced Med-Surg Principles Jersey College Exam 1 Questions and Answers Latest Update Fully Solved 100%

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What would help reduce complications related to pain for patients? - provide a PCA How do we administer around the clock pain relief for post-op and chronic pain? - provide analgesics, never wait for chronic pain to reoccur What is pain is associated with? - actual or potential tissue damage Wh...

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Advanced Med-Surg Principles Jersey
College Exam 1
What would help reduce complications related to pain for patients? - provide a PCA



How do we administer around the clock pain relief for post-op and chronic pain? - provide
analgesics, never wait for chronic pain to reoccur



What is pain is associated with? - actual or potential tissue damage



When pain stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, what does it result in? - - increase in BP

- increase in HR

- increase in RR



Where are catecholamines released from? - adrenal medulla



Where are steroid hormones (cortisol & aldosterone) released from? - adrenal cortex



What does unrelieved pain lead to? - - increases glucagon production

- decreases insulin secretion

- depress immune function

- can lead to addictive behaviors



What initiates inflammation, contributes to tissue sweeling, and pain? - Prostaglandins



What can nerve root injury lead to? - allodynia (pain that is associated with non-noxious stimuli)



What is needed for renal blood flow? - Prostaglandin

,Pain is? - whatever the patient says it is



What is the single most reliable indicator of pain? - the patient's self-report



How do NSAID's preimarily produce pain relief? - by preventing prostaglandin formation



What does acetaminphen not have? - any inflammatory properties



What do you manage nociceptive pain with? - - local anesthetics

- non-opioids

- opioids



What does 0 on the 0 - 10 numeric pain rating scale indicate? - no pain



What does the Wong-Baker FACES pain scale consist of? - cartoon faces that the patient (ages 3
and up) selects to report thier pain level



What does the visual analog 10cm scale represent? - no pain to the worst pain, the patient marks
a spot somewhere in between indicating their pain level

What during labor increases the risk of neonate aquiring acute encephalitis? - active herpes
simplex virus-2



How do you administer meds? - starting with the lowest dose and titrating up slowly



What pain scale helps indiviuals describe the intensity of pain? - verbal descriptor scale



What does a comprehensive pain assessment consist of? - - duration (when it started/lasted)

- type (intensity/assoc factors/influencing fators)

,- location



What patients do we avoid the rectal route for med administration? - thrombocytopenic



What type of effect do topical agents produce? - local



What type of effect do transdermal agents produce? - drug absorption into the systemic
circulation



What is provided for mild to moderate pain? - aspirin or acetaminaphen



What is provided for moderate pain? - NSAID's



What is provided for severe pain? - morphine



Why would you wake patients who have chronic pain or who have moderate to severe pain folowing
surgery? - to administer prescribed analgcsics



What can excessive use of acetaminophen cause? - hepatoxicity



What does of acetaminophen could lead to hepatoxicity? - 4,000 mg/day



What can NSAID's meds result in? - - gastric ulcers

- contribute to CV events (MI or stroke)



What can the use of NSAID's lead to in patients with volume depletion or who take it for chronic pain? -
acute renal failure



What undesirable effects do opioids produce? - - constipation

, - nausea

- pupil constriction

- respiratory distress



Physical dependence and tolerance are not the same as what? - addiction



Why do you never apply heat over a transdermal patch? - it could increase absorption and result
in lethal complications



How should you manage neuropathic pain? - with adjuvant meds such as antidepressants or
anticonvulsants



What should not be used in a clincial practice that it would violate the nurse-patient relationship? -
placebos



What are some non-pharmacologic pain management strategies? - - physical modalities

- mind-body methods

- biologic and energy-based therapies



What are the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia? - - headaches

- seizures

- lethargy

- tachycardia

- decreased BP

- thready pulse

- hyperactive bowel sounds

- abdominal cramps



What are signs of hypoxia? - - restlessness

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