Type - ACCURATE ANSWERonly count the word in use once
Tokens - ACCURATE ANSWERcount every instance that a word occurs
Phonological - ACCURATE ANSWEReach phoneme is considered as consisting of a group of these features and differing in at least one feature from the other phonemes
/i:/ +high, ...
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SOLUTIONS
Type - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅only count the word in use once
Tokens - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅count every instance that a word occurs
Phonological - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅each phoneme is considered as
consisting of a group of these features and differing in at least one feature from the
other phonemes
/i:/ +high, -low, -back, -round
/u:/ ++high, -low, +back, +round
Where the features + or - hihg, = or _ low, + or - back refer to the postition of the
tongue in the mouth and + or - round to whether the lips are rounded or not
Also concerned with:
A) the study of word-to-word relations in sentences, i.e. How sound patterns are
affected by the combination of words
B) the investigation of intonation patterns
Orthographic - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅(1) The practice or study of correct
spelling according to established usage.
(2) The study of letters and how they are used to express sounds and form words.
Adjective: orthographic or orthographical.
'The science of spelling by the eye instead of the ear.' -Ambrose Bierce, The
Devil's Dictionary (1911)
,Lexical unit - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅form that points to or refers to
Something in the outside world
Two categories of words - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅content and function
See typologies in Granger for further reading
Homonymy - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅relation between words whose forms
are the same (sound or spelling) but whose meanings are different and cannot be
connected
*distinguished from polysemy in that meanings cannot be connected
Tail and tale
Bow your head and tie a bow
Lie down and don't lie
Polysemy - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅one word having two or more closely
related meanings
Foot of the bed, hurt his foot (both mean lower part)
Morphology - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅the study of how the forms of words
change
Morpheme - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅the smallest meaningful unit in a
language or the smallest bit of a word with independent meaning
Cannot be divided without altering or destroying its meaning
Ex: kind
, Free morpheme - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅can stand alone, cannot be divided
into smaller units
Bound morpheme - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅cannot stand alone as a word
-s
-ous
Im-
Re-
Allomorph - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅[W]hen we find a group of different
morphs, all versions of one morpheme, we can use the prefix allo- ( = one of a
closely related set) and describe them as allomorphs of that morpheme.
Derivational affix - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅Derivational morphemes are
used to change the grammatical categories of words. For example, the derivational
morpheme -er is used to transform the verbbake into the noun baker. The
morpheme -ly changes the adjective quick into the adverb quickly. We can change
adjectives such as happy into nouns such ashappiness by using the derivational
morpheme -ness. Other common suffixes include -ism, -tion, -able, -ment and -al.
Derivational morphemes can also be prefixes, such as un-, in-, pre- and a-.
-adds meaning in the stem changes word for example, a noun to an adjective, etc.
Inflectional affix - ACCURATE ANSWER✅✅inflectional morphemes serve as
grammatical markers that indicate tense, number,possession, or comparison.
Inflectional morphemes in English include the suffixes -s(or -es); 's (or s'); -ed; -en;
-er; -est; and -ing. N inflectional morpheme does not have the capacity to change
the meaning or the syntactic class of the words it is bound to and will have a
predictable meaning for all such words.
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