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ORNAMENT AND TURFGRASS PEST MANAGEMENT 30T + LOWA CORE EXAM
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ORNAMENT AND TURFGRASS PEST MANAGEMENT30T + LOWA CORE EXAM 2024-2025
Ornamental and turfgrass IPM determine an aesthetic threshold based on tolerance,
human comfort, taste, plant appearance, and unique location and environmental
conditions.
Pesticides used for integrated pest management in the landscape include fungicides,
growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, repellents, and
rodenticides.
Contact Pesticides - ANSWER Pesticides must be physically applied to the pest
organism or sprayed on the spot where the pest begins to take effect.
Protective or preventive fungicides - ANSWER: Create a protective barrier that
stops fungi from entering and destroying plant tissues.
ANSWER: Systemic pesticides enter the plant through its roots or above-ground
plant tissues and migrate within.
Curative Fungicide - ANSWER Because this chemical penetrates the plant and
stops the illness once the infection has begun or the first symptoms appear.
Nonselective pesticides work on a wide range of pests.
Selective pesticides will only control specific types or stages of pests, leaving
non-target organisms unharmed.
Pre-emergence herbicides are sprayed before weed seeds germinate.
,Post-emergence herbicides are administered to actively growing weeds.
Insects - ANSWER: The younger the bug, the more responsive it is to chemical
control.
ANSWER: Herbicides are most effective when used on actively growing plants.
Annual Weeds - ANSWER Are easiest to control in early spring while they are still
young, regardless of whether they are summer annuals.
Biennials - ANSWER: Treat in the fall or early spring when in the rosette stage.
ANSWER: Perennial weeds can be controlled using herbicide sprays given during
the early bloom stage or in the fall, when the plant is moving food stores to the
subsurface root system.
Pesticide resistance is a hereditary trait caused by repeated pesticide applications at
the same location of action or mode of action.
To postpone the establishment of resistance, rotate pesticides with alternative
locations or mechanisms of action.
The term "municipality" refers to any city or developed residential area in Iowa.
Urban - ANSWER Refers to any area within or belonging to a city, including
established residential areas.
,ANSWER Water pH is a cause for concern. If the water is alkaline (pH>7), the
active substances may be broken down, a process known as alkaline hydrolysis.
Under acidic conditions (pH<7), several pesticides undergo acid hydrolysis.
Fixed copper or lime fungicides - ANSWER: Do not mix with buffering agents.
Otherwise, the mixture will be poisonous to the plant.
ANSWER Spray mixture can be kept for 12-24 hours at a pH of 3.5-6.0.
pH 6.1-7.0 - ANSWER Spray mixture should be utilized within 1-2 hours.
If the pH is higher than 7.0, add a buffering or acidifying adjuvant.
Hardness - ANSWER Another property of water that might influence spray
efficacy is its hardness. The amount of dissolved minerals (calcium and
magnesium). Certain pesticides become inactive when exposed to hard water.
Pesticide Application Methods (Leaves): Foliar Spray - ANSWER Pesticide
sprayed directly onto plant leaves (turfgrass, bushes, trees, etc.).
Pesticide Application Methods (Leaves): Wiper Application - ANSWER Pesticide
is applied to selected vegetation using a rope-wick equipment.
, Pesticide Application Methods (Soil): Surface Soil Application - ANSWER
Pesticide is sprayed directly to bare ground in the intended area.
Pesticide Application Methods (Soil): Drench - ANSWER Pouring a diluted
pesticide mixture onto the soil surface at the plant's base.
Pesticide Application Methods (Soil): Soil Injection - ANSWER Placing a
pesticide concentrate or pesticide mixture under pressure 4.0-6.0 inches below the
soil surface, in a pattern that usually surrounds the ornamental plant.
Pesticide Application Methods (Trunk): Bark Spray - ANSWER Pesticide is
administered to the woody parts of the ornamental plant.
Pesticide Application Methods (Trunk): Basal Spray - The pesticide is administered
just to the bottom portion (18.0 inches) of a plant's stem or trunk.
Pesticide Application Methods (Trunk): Trunk Injection - ANSWER Pesticide is
injected through the bark of a woody plant and into the vascular system through
small drilled holes.
Cut Stump - ANSWER Pesticide is applied within minutes to freshly cut stump
surfaces.
Header Strips - ANSWER In a treatment area, leave enough space to turn around
and reposition the spreader. The applicator should advance the spreader at normal
operating speed across the header strip, activate the gate opening as it enters the
treatment region, and turn off the mechanism as it exits.
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