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TEST BANK: 2nd Canadian Huether and McCance's Understanding Pathophysiology, Edition, by Kelly Power-Kean
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Sue_E._Huether__Kathryn_L._McCance___Test_Bank_for_Understanding_Pathophysiology__6th_Ed
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UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, 5TH EDITION HUETHER AND MCCANCE TEST BANK | ANSWERS VERIFIED BY EXPERTS
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Test Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology, 7thEdition by Huether and McCance
Ch. 1 #1 At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout
sessions focused on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the
following comments made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements
would be considered a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that
apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book
reviews and word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care
facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis
sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children -
ANSWER Ans: A, B, C, E
The WHO definition of health is defined as "a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity." Engaging in
book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate
physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating
physical well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is
vital in the prevention of disease and spread of germs.
Ch. 1 #2 A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about
the large variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The
nurse is referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects
discussed, which would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the
focus of this report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime. C) The
client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
health care facilities. - ANSWER Ans: B
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and
promoting health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and
promoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good access
to health care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol
levels within the presence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the
"attaining lives free of preventable disease and premature death" determinant.
,Ch. 1 #3 A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a
large, university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the
differentiation between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and
diseases that cause disease. Which of the following patients most clearly
demonstrates the consequences of molecules that cause disease?
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
packed red blood cells
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
familial hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
therapy and chest physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
and is HIV positive. - ANSWER Ans: D
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease.
Sickle cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples
of the effects of abnormal molecules.
Ch. 1 #4 A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and
pathogenesis of a number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context.
Which of the following aspects of clients' situations best characterizes pathogenesis
rather than etiology?
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident -
ANSWER Ans: B
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as
the increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and
traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
Ch. 1 #5 A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent
placement has arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first
session, a review of the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed.
Which statement by the patient verifies to the nurse that he has understood the
nurse's teachings about coronary artery disease?
A) "All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks."
B) "My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like French
fries every day."
C) "Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery."
D) "If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack." -
ANSWER Ans: C
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process
from a fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery
disease. Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and
lack of exercise.
,Ch. 1 #6 A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is
assessing the client for the first time. Which of the following aspects of the patient's
current state of health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
bilaterally.
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute. - ANSWER Ans: B
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
Ch. 1 #7 Which of the following situations would be classified as a complication of a
disease or outcome from the treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
A) Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation
B) Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of colon due
to intestinal aganglionosis
C) Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin, an
antibiotic chemotherapy agent used in treatment of lymphoma
D) Gradual deterioration in ability to walk unassisted for a patient diagnosed with
Parkinson disease
E) Loss of short-term memory in a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease -
ANSWER Ans: A, C
Development of pulmonary emboli and pulmonary fibrosis following chemotherapy
are both examples of a complication (adverse extensions of a disease or outcome
from treatment). It is normal to expect incisional pain following surgery. As Parkinson
disease progresses, the inability to walk independently is expected. This is a normal
progression for people diagnosed with Parkinson's. Loss of short-term memory in a
patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease is an expected finding.
Ch. 1 #8 Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic visit for a
routine follow-up assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the
nurse knows that
A) a normal value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve.
B) if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered elevated.
C) all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
D) if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean the person is
disease free. - ANSWER Ans: A
What is termed a normal value for a laboratory test is established statistically from
results obtained from a selected sample of people. A normal value represents the
test results that fall within the bell curve or the 95% distribution. Some lab values
(like hemoglobin) are adjusted for gender, other comorbidities, or age. If the result of
a very sensitive test is negative, it tells us the person does not have the disease, and
the disease has been ruled out or excluded.
Ch. 1 #9 The laboratory technologists are discussing a new blood test that helps
establish a differential diagnosis between shortness of breath with a cardiac etiology
and shortness of breath with a respiratory/pulmonary etiology. A positive result is
purported to indicate a cardiac etiology. The marketers of the test report that 99.8%
, of patients who have confirmed cardiac etiologies test positive in the test. However,
1.3% of patients who do not have cardiac etiologies for their shortness of breath also
test positive. Which of the following statements best characterizes this blood test?
A) Low validity; high reliability
B) High sensitivity; low specificity
C) High specificity; low reliability
D) High sensitivity; low reliability - ANSWER Ans: B
A large number of patients would receive the correct positive diagnosis (high
sensitivity), while a significant number would receive a false-positive diagnosis (low
specificity). The information given does not indicate low reliability or low validity.
Ch. 1 #10 As part of a screening program for prostate cancer, men at a senior
citizens' center are having their blood levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
measured. Which of the following statements would best characterize a high positive
predictive value but a low negative predictive value for this screening test?
A) All of the men who had high PSA levels developed prostate cancer; several men
who had low PSA levels also developed prostate cancer.
B) All of the men who had low PSA levels were cancer-free; several men who had
high levels also remained free of prostate cancer.
C) Men who had low PSA levels also displayed false-positive results for prostate
cancer; men with high levels were often falsely diagnosed with prostate cancer.
D) The test displayed low sensitivity but high specificity. - ANSWER Ans: A
The test's inability to rule out cancer with a low PSA level indicates a low negative
predictive value. Answer B suggests a high negative predictive value, while answer
C indicates a low positive predictive value. High positive predictive value is
associated with high sensitivity
Ch. 1 #11 A male international business traveler has returned from a trip to
Indonesia. While there, he hired a prostitute for companionship and engaged in
unprotected sex on more than one occasion. Unbeknownst to him, this prostitute
harbored the hepatitis C virus. Upon return to the United States, he exhibited no
symptoms and returned to his usual activities. During this period of no outward
symptoms, the man would be classified as being in
A) the preclinical stage of disease.
B) remission and unlikely to develop hepatitis C.
C) the clinical disease stage of hepatitis C.
D) the chronic phase of hepatitis C. - ANSWER Ans: A
During the preclinical stage, the disease is not clinically evident but is destined to
progress to clinical disease.
Ch. 1 #12 As of November 1, 2012, there were a total of 10 confirmed cases of
Hantavirus infection in people who were recent visitors (mid-June to end of August,
2012) to Yosemite National Park. Three visitors with confirmed cases died. Health
officials believe that 9 out of the 10 people with Hantavirus were exposed while
staying in Curry Village in the Signature Tent Cabins. This is an example of
A) what the anticipated mortality rate would be if a family of five were planning to
vacation in Yosemite National Park.
B) the prevalence of Hantavirus one can anticipate if he or she is going to vacation in
Yosemite National Park.
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