AP Psychology Study Guide with Complete Solutions 100% Verified
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AP Psychology
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AP Psychology
AP Psychology Study Guide with Complete Solutions 100% Verified
Wilhelm Wundt - Correct Answer 1. Introduced structuralism
(Bell experiment)
2. Set up the first psychological laboratory
Introspection - Correct Answer study of the mind by looking into oneself
structuralism - Correct Answer...
AP Psychology Study Guide with Complete
Solutions 100% Verified
Wilhelm Wundt - Correct Answer 1. Introduced structuralism
(Bell experiment)
2. Set up the first psychological laboratory
Introspection - Correct Answer study of the mind by looking into oneself
structuralism - Correct Answer identifying components of the mind:
combined subjective emotions and objective sensations (Wundt)
"the whole is equal to the sum of the parts"
Freud - Correct Answer Personality theorist who created psychoanalysis
Psychoanalytic Theory - Correct Answer Focus on past childhood experience, repressed memories,
and study of the unconscious mind (Freud)
Behaviorism - Correct Answer Focus on stimuli and response-study only observable behavior
(Watson)
Humanistic Perspective - Correct Answer Emphasized the human capacity for free-will and individual
choice (Rogers & Maslow)
Evolutionary Perspective - Correct Answer Examines how behaviors help a species survive from on
generation to the next, focus on natural selection
Biopsychology - Correct Answer Explains human thought in terms of the relationship between
biology and psychology
Social-Cultural - Correct Answer behavior varies by culture
Pavlov - Correct Answer Behaviorist-Classically conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell
,Watson - Correct Answer Behaviorist-In his Little Albert Experiment he conditioned Albert to fear
white rat by associating it with loud noises
Skinner - Correct Answer Behaviorist-Proposed theory of operant conditioning with skinner box
experiment, reinforcing rats behavior with rewards or punishments
Independent Variable - Correct Answer Changed by experimenter-what is being controlled
Dependent Variable - Correct Answer Changed by independent variable
Operational definition - Correct Answer Defining how something is measured in an experiment: help
to easily replicate
Target Population - Correct Answer Demographic experimenter wants to study
Representative Sample - Correct Answer Group that resembles target population
Stratified Sample - Correct Answer Takes specific criteria (race, gender, %) into account
Matched pairs - Correct Answer Similar people for different conditions of a study
Experimenter bias - Correct Answer when experimenter treats people differently because of his/her
expected results
Double blind - Correct Answer Neither experimenter nor subject knows which group subject is in
Single blind - Correct Answer Subject does not know which group (control or experimental) they are
in
Demand characteristics - Correct Answer Cues that subject picks up on and uses in order to respond
appropriately
,Placebo effect - Correct Answer Taking a drug that has no pharmacological effects produces similar
results as the real medication
Positive Correlation - Correct Answer A direct relationship in which both variables are increasing or
both are decreasing
Negative Correlation - Correct Answer An inverse relationship in which one variable increases and
the other decreases or vice versa
Survey Method - Correct Answer Easy to distriubute to large population and inexpensive, but can't
control who sends it back, and has other confounding variables
Naturalistic Observation - Correct Answer Has high ecological validity (acts normally in natural
habitat) but can't control variables and therefore does not show cause and effect
Case studies - Correct Answer Follows in detail one person or a group of people with a rare condition
Hindsight bias - Correct Answer Tendency to believe, once the outcome is already known, that you
would have foreseen it (Also "I-Knew-It-All-Along Phenomenon)
Applied research - Correct Answer Solving a problem
Basic research - Correct Answer Just because
Validity - Correct Answer Measures what experiment is supposed to
Reliability - Correct Answer Same result every time
Random assignment - Correct Answer Equal chance of anyone in sample population to be placed in
either control or experimental group
Random selection - Correct Answer Randomly gathering a representative sample for a study by
identifying a population and randomly selecting people from that population
, Social desirability effect - Correct Answer Tendenecy to give the politically correct answer
Hawthorne effect - Correct Answer Merely observing an experiment changes its outcome
Debriefing - Correct Answer Any information withheld from subject prior to or during
experimentation must be reveled
IRB - Correct Answer Review board for ethical standards
Descriptive statistics - Correct Answer Describes a set of data
Inferential statistics - Correct Answer Applying data to the larger population
Histogram - Correct Answer bar graph
Frequency Polygon - Correct Answer line graph
Measures of central tendency (3) - Correct Answer Mean-add all points, divide by # of points
Median-middle #
Mode-most frequent
Outliers - Correct Answer Numbers that are much greater or much less than the other numbers in
the set
Positive Skew - Correct Answer when the outlier is higher than than the bulk of the data
Negative Skew - Correct Answer when the outlier is lower than the bulk of the data
Range - Correct Answer Largest # minus Smallest #
Standard deviation - Correct Answer How far a score is from the mean
Square root of variant
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