BIOD 121 (portage) Module 4: Vitamins
and Minerals
Vitamins - correct answer organic compounds that the body needs in small
amounts, almost exclusively obtained through the diet.
Function of vitamines? - correct answer help regulate and support a variety of
processes related to digestion, absorption, metabolism, and body regulations.
Yield no energy: - correct answer vitamines
Vitamins are important for: - correct answer growth and maintenance of our
bodies
How many essential vitamins are there? - correct answer 13 known
Essential Vitamins: - correct answer found in both plant and animal sources, and
the majority cannot be synthesized by the human body.
Exceptions to vitamins that do not have to be consumed by in the diet: - correct
answer Vitamin K and biotin (produced from gut flora in the GI tract), and vitamin
D which is synthesized in the skin through sunlight
Two vitamins can be produced through precursors: - correct answer Vitamin A
can be produced after we consume food containing beta carotene, and niacin can
be produced when we consume foods containing the amino acid tryptophan.
Organic compounds must meet 2 criteria in order to be considered a vitamin: -
correct answer 1) enough of the compound must be consumed in the diet to
maintain health
2) symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound, resulting in
declining health, but is restored when the deficiency is corrected.
Why do we fortify and enrich our foods? - correct answer During manufacturing
of food, some nutrients are lost.
Enrichment: - correct answer the process of taking nutrients that were lost in the
milling or processing of the food and adding them back to the final product
Fortification - correct answer process of supplementing a product with additional
vitamins that would not normally be in that product (i.e. putting vitamin D in
orange juice or adding vitamins to cereal)
, BIOD 121 (portage) Module 4: Vitamins
and Minerals
Vitamins can be classified as: - correct answer fat soluble or water soluble
Fat-soluble vitamins: - correct answer dependent on dietary fat for absorption.
Once absorbed they are stored in adipose tissue and liver.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are: - correct answer fat soluble
Since fat-soluble vitamins are not easily excreted from the body, excess
consumption over time could lead to: - correct answer toxic levels in the body
Two forms of Vitamin A: - correct answer Preformed (Retinol, Retinal) and
Provitamin (carotenoids)
Functions of Preformed vitamin A - correct answer vision, immunity, growth
development, disease prevention
Functions of Provitamin A - correct answer precursors, antioxidants
Deficiencies of Preformed Vitamin A - correct answer night blindness,
Xeropthalmia
Xeropthalmia: - correct answer occurs when mucus isn't developing and
blindness sets in
Deficiencies of Provitamin A - correct answer Macular Degeneration
Sources of Preformed Vitamin A - correct answer Animal sources
Sources of Provitamin A - correct answer Plant sources: yellow, orange, red,
green leafy vegetables
Which for of vitamin A can become toxic in high levels? - correct answer
preformed vitamin A
Retinal: - correct answer helps the eyes adjust from bright to dim light
Antioxidant: - correct answer stop the reactive substances (oxidants) from
potentially causing damage to cells
Vitamin D: - correct answer unique because it is both a vitamin and a hormone
Forms of Vitamin D: - correct answer D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol)
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