Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is a fluoroscopic technique used extensively in
_________________ for visualizing blood vessels.
a. CT
b. MRI
c. Interventional Radiology
d. Ultra sound
e. Nuclear medicine - answerc. Interventional Radiology
note: Radiopaque structures such as bones are eliminated ("subtracted") digitally from
the image, thus allowing for an accurate depiction of the blood vessels.
Image obtained at one time is subtracted from an image obtained at a later time. This is
known as what image formation method? - answerTemporal subtraction
Uses 2 alternating x-ray beams operating a 2 different energy levels. Subtracted image
results from differences in photoelectric absorption in contrast vs. non-contrast status of
subject. This is known as what image formation method? - answerEnergy subtraction
A principal advantage of digital fluoroscopy over conventional fluoroscopy for
subtraction studies is:
a. Contrast enhancement
b. Examination speed
c. Less contrast material
d. Low patient dose
e. Noise enhancement - answera. Contrast enhancement
note: Image contrast can be enhanced electronically by subtraction techniques. DF
provides better contrast resolution through postprocessing of image subtraction.
, Which subtraction technique is used more frequently? - answerTemporal subtraction
note: because of high-voltage generator limitations associated with energy subtraction
mode.
When 2 techniques are combined (Temporal & Energy sub), the process is called? -
answerHybrid subtraction
note: Image contrast is enhanced still further by hybrid subtraction because of reduced
patient motion between subtracted images. Hybrid imaging theoretically can produce
the highest-quality DF images.
2 methods of Temporal subtraction are used, what are they? - answerMask mode &
time-interval difference (TID)
For Mask mode, the patient is positioned under normal fluoroscopic control to ensure
that the region of anatomy under investigation is within the field of view.
-A power injector is armed & readied to deliver ______ to _____ mL of contrast at the
rate of approximately ____ to ____mL/s through venous entry.
-If arterial entry, ____ to ____ mL of diluted contrast at _____ to _____mL/s.
- The imaging system is changed from fluoroscopic mode to the ______ mode. -
answer30 to 50 (venous entry)
15 to 20 (venous entry)
10 to 25 (arterial entry)
10 to 12 (arterial entry)
DF "Digital Fluoroscopy"
note: This requires an increase in x-ray tube current of 20 to 100 times the fluoroscopic
mode & activation of a program of pulse image acuisition.
____________ ________ results is successive subtraction images of contrast-filled
vessels. - answerMask mode
The injector is fired, & after a delay of 4 to 10 seconds, before the bolus of contrast
medium reaches the anatomic site, an initial x-ray pulsed exposure is made. The image
obtained is stored in primary memory and is displayed on video monitor A. This is the
___________ image which is followed by a series of additional images that are stored in
adjacent memory locations. - answermask image
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