PCB 3233 Exam One UCF Questions and Answers

PCB 3233 Exam One UCF Questions and Answers Immunology is the study of - Answer️️ -physiological mechanisms that are used to defend the body from invasion by foreign or infectious agents In response to diseases caused by infectious agents, the body develops cells dedicated to defense, these form... - Answer️️ -the immune system protective/adaptive immunity takes time to develop while ________________________ can _________ _______- and cause disease - Answer️️ -microorganisms can rapidly multiply Immunity involves two responses: - Answer️️ -1. Flexible but specific defenses of the adaptive immune response 2. Fixed defenses of the innate immune response In adaptive = - Answer️️ -B and T cells (you MUST inheret something from your parents) To make B and T cells you need - Answer️️ -three segments of DNA that make a gene. During vaccination we are given the strongest - Answer️️ -primary adaptive immune response ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA (UCF) 2 - Answer️️ - microbes survive on ..... and release - Answer️️ --animal and plant products -release digestive enzymes microbes grow on - Answer️️ -living tissues (extracellular) where they are bathed in nutrients other intracellular microbes infect animal/human cells, utilizing - Answer️️ -host cell sources Some microbes are ________ and even __________ (ex:_____________) - Answer️️ -some are harmless and helpful ex: E. Coli What is protecive immunity? - Answer️️ -People who survive a specific infection become immune to it To provide protective immunity, the immune system must first - Answer️️ -engage the microorganism What is the lag time between infection and protection? - Answer️️ - around 7 days True or false, the first infection is the most dangerous one - Answer️️ -true ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA (UCF) 3 true or false, Disease is NOT prevented by prior exposure to an attenuated/killed infectious agent - Answer️️ -false Who recognized that only those who had recovered from the plague could nurse the sick without becoming sick again? - Answer️️ -430 BC- Thucydides During the fifteenth century- Chinese and Turks used what to induce immunity? What is this called? - Answer️️ -dried crusts from smallpox pustules (inhaled or inserted into small cuts in the skin "variolation") Origins of immunology attributed to who? What did he discover? - Answer️️ --Edward Jenner -Discovered in 1796 that cowpox "vaccinia" protected from human smallpox a pathogen is - Answer️️ -Any organism with potential to cause disease ex: Influenza and typhoid bacillus Opportunistic pathogens cause disease if - Answer️️ -the body's defenses are weakened or it gets into a part of the body it isn't normally found. What are the four classes of pathogens? - Answer️️ -bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA (UCF) 4 Candida albicans- - Answer️️ -normal inhabitant of the human body, thrush & systemic infections Staphylococcus aureus- - Answer️️ -gram positive bacterium that colonizes human skin, pimples & boils Mycobacterium tuberculosis- - Answer️️ -causes tuberculosis Over _____ microbial species in the human gut (normal flora) This is called - Answer️️ --1000 -Commensal bacteria (eat at the same table. Not harmful) What is first line of external defense against infection? - Answer️️ - skin - it is a tough impenetrable barrier If a disease shares the same _________ (like smallpox and cowpox) you can use one or the other to create a vaccination - Answer️️ - epitope Mucosal surfaces are bathed in mucus; thick fluid containing ___________________, ____________________, and _____________________ - protective - Answer️️ -glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and enzymes Lysozyme in tears (~ 40% of protein) and saliva is - Answer️️ -- antibacterial ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA (UCF) 5 Why is Respiratory tract mucus continuously removed? - Answer️️ -to clear unwanted material Defensins do what - Answer️️ -poke holes in the pathogen Gram-positive bacteria - Answer️️ -Bacteria that have a thick peptido glycan cell wall, and no outer membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain. -NO LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) -Has LTA Gram-negative bacteria - Answer️️ -Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by an outer plasma membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram-negative bacteria are typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria. -Has LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) -NO LTA (Lipoteichoic acid) Coccus means... - Answer️️ -circle shaped Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Answer️️ -Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals,