TEST BANK
Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians
Lisa Martini-Johnson
6th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 General Pharmacology 1
Chapter 02 Routes and Techniques of Drug Administration 7
Chapter 03 Practical Calculations 13
Chapter 04 Drugs Used in Nervous System Disorders 24
Chapter 05 Drugs Used in Respiratory System Disorders 30
Chapter 06 Drugs Used in Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders 36
Chapter 07 Drugs Used in Cardiovascular System Disorders 42
Chapter 08 Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal System Disorders 48
Chapter 09 Drugs Used in Hormonal, Endocrine, and Reproductive Disorders 54
Chapter 10 Drugs Used in Ophthalmic and Otic Disorders 60
Chapter 11 Drugs Used in Skin Disorders 66
Chapter 12 Anti-infective Drugs 72
Chapter 13 Antiparasitic Drugs 78
Chapter 14 Drugs Used to Relieve Pain and Inflammation 84
Chapter 15 Therapeutic Nutritional, Fluid, and Electrolyte Replacements 90
Chapter 16 Blood-Modifying, Antineoplastic, and Immunosuppressant Drugs 96
Chapter 17 Immunologic Drugs 101
Chapter 18 Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents 107
Chapter 19 Inventory 110
Chapter 20 Emergency Drugs 112
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Test Bank - Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 6th Edition (Martini-Johnson, 2021)
Chapter 01: General Pharmacology
Martini-Johnson: Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Most biotransformation of drugs occurs in which of the following?
a. Kidney
b. Liver
c. Spleen
d. Pancreas
ANS: B
The greatest biotransformation of drugs occurs in the liver and is considered the primary site
of biotransformation or metabolism. The liver contains microsomal enzymes that break
down the chemical structure of the drug so that it can be excreted by the body. Other organs
in the body also have some metabolic activity.
2. Most drug excretion occurs via which of the following?
a. Kidneys
b. Liver
c. Spleen
d. Intestine
ANS: A
Drugs and drug metabolites are eliminated from the body primarily by the kidneys via urine.
3. The drug name that is chosen by the manufacturer and that is the exclusive property of that
company is called _____________.
a. proprietary
b. generic
c. chemical
d. compendial
ANS: A
The proprietary (trade) name of a drug is chosen by the manufacturer; it is also known as the
brand name or trade name. The proprietary name is distinguished by a superscript R with a
circle around it after the name.
4. The amount of a drug that remains in animal tissues or food products when they are
consumed is called __________.
a. residues
b. half-life
c. withdrawal times
d. antimicrobials
ANS: A
A residue is a drug or metabolite that remains in animal tissues or food products after a drug
is administered. Residues occur when withdrawal times are not adhered to after a drug is
administered to a food animal. When a food animal product is ingested with a drug residue
an allergic reaction may occur in humans.
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Test Bank - Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 6th Edition (Martini-Johnson, 2021)
5. Which of the following are included in a drug regimen?
a. Route of administration
b. Frequency of administration
c. Dose of the drug
d. Duration of time that the drug will be given
e. All of the above
ANS: E
The veterinarian designs a plan for administering a drug which is called a regimen. A
regimen includes details about the route of administration, the total amount of the drug to be
given (dose), how often the drug is to be given (frequency), and how long the drug will be
given (duration).
6. All FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled
a. USDA (US Department of Agriculture)
b. INAD (Investigational New Animal Drug)
c. The Green Book
d. AMDUCA (Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act)
ANS: C
The Green Book includes a list of all animal drug products that have been approved by the
FDA for safety and effectiveness. It is updated monthly and the entire list is published 1st
January of each year; it is available electronically.
7. The diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except ______.
a. practical experience
b. assessment of the patient
c. obtaining a history
d. performing laboratory tests
ANS: A
The diagnostic method of choosing a drug involves assessment, physical examination, a
history, laboratory tests, and other diagnostic procedures. The empirical method involves the
use of practical experience and common sense when choosing a drug.
8. Which of the following is a drug that can be purchased without a prescription and contains
ingredients that are safe or have low concentrations of active ingredients?
a. Controlled substance
b. Legend drug
c. Prescription drug
d. Over-the-counter drug
ANS: D
Over-the-counter drugs may be purchased without a prescription. They do not have enough
potential to be toxic and do not require special administration.
9. Extra-label use means ______________.
a. sold over the counter (OTC)
b. using a drug in a way not specified by the label
c. using a drug according to the empirical method
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Test Bank - Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 6th Edition (Martini-Johnson, 2021)
d. deciding how long the drug should be given
ANS: B
Veterinarians have some discretion to use a drug in ways not indicated on the label when
there is no drug available that is specifically labeled to treat a condition; the veterinarian
must take responsibility for the outcome of use. A VCPR must exist before a prescription
drug is used extra-label.
10. All the following are true about a veterinarian–client–patient relationship except
a. The veterinarian has seen and treated all the client's pets except a dog for which the
owner would like to buy heartworm preventative.
b. The veterinarian has assumed responsibility for making clinical judgments about
the health of the animal(s) and the need for treatment, and the client has agreed to
follow the veterinarian's instructions.
c. The veterinarian has sufficient knowledge of the animal(s) to issue a diagnosis.
The veterinarian must have recently seen the animal and must be acquainted with
its husbandry.
d. The veterinarian must be available for follow-up evaluation of the patient.
ANS: A
If the veterinarian has not examined a client’s pet then the veterinarian does not have
sufficient knowledge of the animal’s health and therefore cannot dispense medication.
11. _______ is the complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered to a
patient.
a. Half-life
b. Metabolism (biotransformation)
c. Pharmacokinetics
d. Residue
ANS: C
Once a drug is administered, it is available for absorption, distribution, biotransformation
(metabolism), and excretion in the animal’s body.
12. Parenteral drugs are administered ____________.
a. orally
b. by injection
c. by nasogastric tube
d. by orogastric tube
ANS: B
Parenteral drugs are administered by routes other than orally (gastrointestinal tract).
13. A loading dose of a drug
a. is an initial higher dose of a drug given to increase the drug concentration to the
therapeutic level in a short period of time.
b. is an initial lower dose of a drug given to increase the drug concentration to the
therapeutic level over a long period of time.
c. a low maintenance dose given over a long period of time to keep the amount of
drug at the appropriate therapeutic level.
d. is useful for drugs that have a short systemic half-life.
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Test Bank - Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 6th Edition (Martini-Johnson, 2021)
ANS: A
The loading dose of a drug is an initial higher dose of a drug given at the beginning of a
treatment to obtain drug concentrations at the appropriate therapeutic level. A loading dose
is useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body slowly, meaning they have a long
systemic half-life.
14. Which route of administration of a drug produces the slowest onset of action but a longer
duration of action?
a. Intravenous
b. Subcutaneous
c. Intramuscular
d. Oral
ANS: D
Drugs given orally are not absorbed as quickly as drugs administered by injection and
generally produce a longer lasting effect than those given by injection.
15. __________ is the body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was
administered into a form that can be eliminated from the body.
a. Half-life
b. Metabolism (biotransformation)
c. Pharmacokinetics
d. Residue
ANS: B
Biotransformation is the metabolic process of microsomal enzymes, in the liver, that
changes the chemical structure of the drug so that it can be excreted by the body.
16. Drugs are absorbed from a(n) __________ injection site at a faster rate than from a(n)
__________ injection site.
a. subcutaneous; intramuscular
b. intramuscular; intravenous
c. intramuscular; subcutaneous
d. subcutaneous; intravenous
ANS: C
The rate of absorption of a drug increases as the blood supply to the area increases. There is
a greater blood supply to the muscles than the subcutaneous tissue.
17. Which terms best describes the degree to which a drug is absorbed and reaches systemic
circulation?
a. Biotransformation
b. Metabolism
c. Excretion
d. Bioavailability
ANS: D
Bioavailability is the amount of drug administered to the patient that actually get absorbed
and makes it into systemic circulation.
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Test Bank - Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 6th Edition (Martini-Johnson, 2021)
18. Which of the following describes the movement of a drug from systemic circulation into the
tissues?
a. Absorption
b. Metabolism
c. Distribution
d. Elimination
ANS: C
Drug distribution is the process by which a drug is carried from the site of absorption to its
site of action.
19. The tendency of a drug to combine with a receptor is called its __________.
a. efficacy
b. affinity
c. potency
d. therapeutic index
ANS: B
A drug’s affinity refers to the strength of binding between a receptor and a drug.
20. Which antibiotic is prohibited for use in all food-producing animals?
a. Penicillin
b. Macrolides
c. Lincosamides
d. Chloramphenicol
ANS: D
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that is prohibited for use in all food-producing animals.
21. The relationship between a drug’s ability to achieve a desired effect and its tendency to
produce a toxic effect is called ____________.
a. agonist
b. efficacy
c. therapeutic index
d. affinity
ANS: C
The therapeutic index is expressed as a ratio between the lethal dose (LD50) and the effective
dose (ED50) of a drug.
22. All the following agencies regulate animal health products except _____________.
a. FDA
b. EPA
c. AVMA
d. USDA
ANS: C
The AVMA (American Veterinary Medical Association) is an association that advocates for
the veterinary profession.
TRUE/FALSE
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Test Bank - Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 6th Edition (Martini-Johnson, 2021)
1. An adverse drug reaction is always life threatening.
ANS: F
An adverse drug reaction is any undesired effect of a drug and can vary from minor to
life-threatening effects.
2. Compounded drugs are approved by the FDA.
ANS: F
The FDA does not verify the safety, effectiveness, and quality of compounded drugs.
3. The NDC (National Drug Code) number found on a drug label identifies the manufacturer,
the drug formulation, and the package size of a drug and is required by the FDA.
ANS: F
The NDC number is a feature found on a drug label, that is requested, but not required by
the FDA.
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Test Bank - Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 6th Edition (Martini-Johnson, 2021)
Chapter 02: Routes and Techniques of Drug Administration
Martini-Johnson: Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A(n) ______________________ is an agent that produces superficial irritation that is
intended to relieve some other irritation.
a. elixir
b. emulsion
c. liniment
d. counterirritant
ANS: D
Counterirritants are applied to a localized area (skin) to produce superficial irritation, like
hot or cold sensation, in order to reduce irritation (inflammation) in deeper tissue.
2. A(n) ________ will usually separate after long periods of shelf life and must be shaken well
before use to provide a uniform dose.
a. elixir
b. antimicrobial
c. suspension
d. anthelmintic
ANS: C
A suspension is a mixture of two or more substances; a mixture of a liquid with solid
particles which may separate over time. The mixture will need to be shaken to resuspend the
solution.
3. This type of dosage form contains a powder form of a drug enclosed by a gelatin or glycerin
outer layer.
a. Enteric coating
b. Tablet
c. Capsule
d. Bolus
ANS: C
Capsules are containers that house liquid and powder forms of medication and may be made
of gelatin and glycerin. They are commonly used in patients when the medication has an
unpalatable taste.
4. Which of the following is a uniform suspension that uses an ingredient that binds two or
more liquids that normally do not mix?
a. Elixer
b. Emulsion
c. Syrup
d. Aqueous solution
ANS: B
An emulsion consists of an oily substance, water, and an additive that stabilizes the mixture
to prevent or slow the water and oil from separating.
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Test Bank - Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 6th Edition (Martini-Johnson, 2021)
5. This type of syringe is constructed in such a way that the needle screws onto the tip of the
syringe.
a. Slip tip
b. Eccentric tip
c. Catheter tip
d. Luer-Lok tip
ANS: D
Luer-Lok syringes have threading around the tip of the syringe for the needle to be twisted
or screwed onto the syringe tip and locked into place.
6. All the following are sites for IV administration in small animals, except ______.
a. jugular vein
b. carotid artery
c. lateral saphenous vein
d. phalic vein
ANS: B
Intravenous administration is when a substance is given into a vein, not an artery.
7. An indwelling catheter should be replaced every ___ hours.
a. 48
b. 24
c. 60
d. 72
ANS: D
Catheter complications are related more to the lack of sterile technique in placement than in
the length of time it has been placed. Generally, peripheral catheters can be left in for
approximately 3–5 days depending on the catheter type. Maintenance of catheters should
include removing the bandage, visualizing insertion site, flushing the catheter, and
observing catheter function as well as pain experienced by patient.
8. If an IV catheter is not used continuously, it can be flushed with saline every __ to ___
hours.
a. 6; 12
b. 4; 6
c. 8; 12
d. 8; 10
ANS: B
If the IV catheter is not being used for IV fluids, it should be flushed every 4–6 hours to
prevent clotting.
9. Cerumen is a substance that is commonly found in what anatomic part of the body?
a. Urinary bladder
b. Ear
c. Rectum
d. Crown of the tooth
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