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  3. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
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  5. The Law Of External Relations Of The EU
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Comprehensive Lecture Notes: External Relations of the EU (2022/23) – External Representation
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Delve into the critical topic of External Representation in the EU’s external relations with this detailed set of lecture notes from the 2022/23 academic year. This bundle covers all the essential areas, including: • Representation Roles (HR/EUCO) • Union Delegates • European Extern...

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  • 8 september 2024
  • 23
  • 2022/2023
  • College aantekeningen
  • Gert de baere
  • External representation

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The Law of External Relations of the EU
LECTURE NOTES- External relations


LECTURE 2: EXTERNAL REPRESENTATION

EXTERNAL REPRESENTATION

BASIC PRINCIPLES
► Conclusion of international agreements is a specific form of external
representation(external representation is a broader term)

► Meaning of representation:

o = who expresses and who presents the EU positions (who speaks for the EU)
o Difference between external representation vs determining the content of the EU
position (it follows from the division of competencies and from competences of a
different institution, this is usually more for the council)
o ≠ who determines EU positions (art 16 & 29 TEU & 218(9) TFEU)
o ≠ coordination (cf. art. 34 TEU for CFSP)

► Who represents the Union depends on

o The area: CFSP/ Non-CFS

o The level of representation: the meeting/fora

CFSP: COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY

Article 17 TEU

1. The Commission shall promote the general interest of the Union and take appropriate
initiatives to that end. It shall ensure the application of the Treaties, and of measures adopted
by the institutions pursuant to them. It shall oversee the application of Union law under the
control of the Court of Justice of the European Union. It shall execute the budget and manage
programmes. It shall exercise coordinating, executive and management functions, as laid
down in the Treaties. With the exception of the common foreign and security policy, and other
cases provided for in the Treaties, it shall ensure the Union's external representation. It shall
initiate the Union's annual and multiannual programming with a view to achieving
interinstitutional agreements.

Competence of the Commission to represent the EU position Vs CFSP it is the competence of
the High Representative and the European Council.

Article 27 TEU

1. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, who shall
chair the Foreign Affairs Council, shall contribute through his proposals to the development of
the common foreign and security policy and shall ensure implementation of the decisions
adopted by the European Council and the Council.

2. The High Representative shall represent the Union for matters relating to the common
foreign and security policy. He shall conduct political dialogue with third parties on the Union's
behalf and shall express the Union's position in international organisations and at
international conferences


1

, The Law of External Relations of the EU
LECTURE NOTES- External relations




Relevant because the president of the European Council level is the level of Heads of
State in Government

i.e. when the EU has to be represented in front of the Heads of State, it is the President
of the Council who shall represent the Union

i.e. CFSP administerial level then it is the High Representative that externally
represents the Union

CFSP- EUSRS (EU SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE)
 appointed by the Council under art 33 TEU

Article 33 TEU

The Council may, on a proposal from the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs
and Security Policy, appoint a special representative with a mandate in relation to particular
policy issues. The special representative shall carry out his mandate under the authority of
the High Representative.

Eg. Council Decision (CFSP) 2017/346 of 27 February 2017 extending the mandate of the
European Union Special Representative for Human Rights [2017] OJ L 50/66

► Pre-Lisbon some “double-hatting”: EUSR was also Head of Delegation (e.g. AU, see
Doc. S355/07 and Joint Action 2007/805/CFSP); continued in some cases post-Lisbon;



UNION DELEGATIONS

Art 221 TFEU

Union delegations in third countries and at international organisations shall represent the
Union.

Union delegations shall be placed under the authority of the High Representative of the Union
for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. They shall act in close cooperation with Member States'
diplomatic and consular missions.



Article 27(3) TEU:

In fulfilling his mandate, the High Representative shall be assisted by a European External
Action Service. This service shall work in cooperation with the diplomatic services of the
Member States and shall comprise officials from relevant departments of the General

2

, The Law of External Relations of the EU
LECTURE NOTES- External relations
Secretariat of the Council and of the Commission as well as staff seconded from national
diplomatic services of the Member States. The organisation and functioning of the European
External Action Service shall be established by a decision of the Council. The Council shall
act on a proposal from the High Representative after consulting the European Parliament and
after obtaining the consent of the Commission.

Triple hat competence: EEA is a functionally autonomous body set out in Council
Decision:

Article 1(4) Council Decision 2010/427/EU of 26 July 2010 establishing the organisation
and functioning of the European External Action Service:

EEAS shall be made up of a central administration and of the Union Delegations to third
countries and to international organisations.



Article 5(2) Council Decision 2010/427/EU:

2. Each Union Delegation shall be placed under the authority of a Head of Delegation.

 strictly speaking, not an ambassador (because EU is not a state) but the head of the
delegation as an equal status; staff have privileges and immunities that are similar to
embassies

Consisted from both Staff from the action service and the Commission

o staff from Action service they work under the political coordination,
o whereas the commission's staff work on the implementation of policies and projects 
Due to the division of the institutions, the commission implements the budget and that
manages programmes
o The Head of Delegation shall have authority over all staff in the delegation, whatever
their status, and for all its activities. He/she shall be accountable to the High
Representative for the overall management of the work of the delegation and for
ensuring the coordination of all actions of the Union.
o Staff in delegations shall comprise EEAS staff and, where appropriate for the
implementation of the Union budget and Union policies other than those under the
remit of the EEAS, Commission staff.

Article 5(6) Council Decision 2010/427/EU:

The High Representative shall enter into the necessary arrangements with the host country,
the international organisation, or the third country concerned. In particular, the High
Representative shall take the necessary measures to ensure that host States grant the Union
delegations, their staff and their property, privileges and immunities equivalent to those
referred to in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 18 April 1961.



Article 5(8) Council Decision 2010/427/EU:

The Head of Delegation shall have the power to represent the Union in the country where the
delegation is accredited, in particular for the conclusion of contracts, and as a party to legal
proceedings.

MIXITY, MEMBER STATES AND ARRANGEMENTS
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