CDS 450 Midterm 1 Questions and
Answers 100% Correct
Key functions of the _______ include perceiving and integrating sensory and
perceptual information, comprehending oral and written language, and performing
mathematical calculations. - ANSWER - parietal lobes
Language Research - ANSWER - informs everyday practices and activities of
parents, teachers and other professionals
The study of language - ANSWER - Is constantly evolving and complex
From the American-Speech-Language Hearing Association (1982): Language is a
"complex and dynamic system of ________________ that is used in various modes for
thought and communication." - ANSWER - conventional symbols
________ is a code, consisting of a system of syllables called morphemes - ANSWER -
morphemes
_________ are the smallest units of language that carry meaning; they are combined
to make words. - ANSWER - Morphemes
The term ______ refers to the translation of one type of information into another type
of information. - ANSWER - code
When we use the word happy to describe our feelings, we use the word to ________
our feelings. - ANSWER - translate
_________ are more specific and powerful than other communication means such as
gesture, facial expression, and posture. - ANSWER - words
The relationship between a word and its _______ (the aspect of the world to which
the word refers) is arbitrary. - ANSWER - referent
,Support for this theory comes, in part, from stroke research where damage to
certain parts of the left frontal lobe can impair ________________ ability. - ANSWER -
grammatical
Brain-imaging studies of ____________ brains indicate that various regions of the
brain correspond to highly specific aspects of language. - ANSWER - undamaged
Children with specific language impairment (SLI) also exhibit problems in very
precise aspects of grammar, such as ________________. - ANSWER - verb tense
The code we use to organize words into sentences is not _______; we must follow
specific rules. - ANSWER - arbitrary
The term conventional means users of a language abide by______ - ANSWER -
accepted rules
A __________ ______________ is a group of people who use a common language. -
ANSWER - language community
The numerous languages of the world emerged from a __________ __________ of
language users. - ANSWER - single community
Language communities emerge for ____________ reasons - ANSWER - geographic
Language is in a state of activity and _______ - ANSWER - change
Change in language occurs during __________ ___________, as well as with decline
that can occur with aging. - ANSWER - language acquisition
Communication is the process of sharing ________________, such as thoughts,
feelings, and ideas, among two or more persons. - ANSWER - information
,Language is a _______ tool that helps humans develop the "picture of the world that
we use for thinking." - ANSWER - cognitive
Language includes ________________ representations of linguistic concepts (e.g., big,
fly, crazy) and formal syntactic rules that organize concepts into orderly, surface-
level representations. - ANSWER - symbolic
Language is a ________ tool people use for thinking, and it is a tool that permits
people to communicate their thoughts to others. - ANSWER - representational
Language emerged as a cultural and ______ evolution, rather than biological. -
ANSWER - social
Some suggest that language emerged because of ________ in the size of human
communities and the consequent _________ in the complexity of social dynamics. -
ANSWER - increases
________ _________ responded to the adaptive advantage of using language,
emerging as a specialized part of the human mind. - ANSWER - Neural circuitry
The brain uses language as a representational tool to store information and to carry
out many ________________ processes such as reasoning, hypothesizing, memorizing,
planning, and problem solving (often called higher-level language skills). - ANSWER -
cognitive
__________ is a cognitive science theory about how the human mind is organized
within the structures of the brain. - ANSWER - Modularity
________ are specialized problem-solving devices in the brain that respond to
information of a restricted type. - ANSWER - Modules
Modules are _______________, meaning they can process only very specific types of
information, such as depth perception within the visual system. - ANSWER - domain-
specific
, Some contend that the brain consists of very large _______________ modules, which
carry out tasks such as memory and reasoning, as well as domain-specific modules.
- ANSWER - domain-general
Questions about ________ concern whether the human brain contains modules or
whether the brain itself is a generalized module in which all parts work together to
process information. - ANSWER - modularity
Some language theorists argue that the human brain contains a large number of
________________ modules, each of which processes specific types of linguistic
information. - ANSWER - language specific
Critics of the idea of language modularity argue that language emerges in response
to ________ rather than specific internal architecture, or that language is processed
by a general neural network that operates on all aspects of language. - ANSWER -
culture
Even if language processes are modular, this does not mean language functions
specific to a given module (or area of the brain) cannot be subsumed by another
area of the brain when _______ occurs. - ANSWER - injury
First stage of speech production, initiated with a mental, abstract representation of
the speech stream to be produced, provides the perceptual target of what is to be
produced by speech - ANSWER - perceptual event
The code is represented by the _________, or the smallest unit of sound that can
signal a difference in meaning, represented by the symbols of the International
Phonetic Alphabet - ANSWER - Phoneme
houghts and ideas can be communicated to others using speech or a manual sign
system; otherwise, individuals can keep thoughts and ideas to themselves (________
______) or write them down (_______ ________). - ANSWER - inner language, written
language
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