PMCOL 343: CV I Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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PMCOL 343
PMCOL 343: CV I Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What is Ca+ important for in the body - answerContraction, excitation, and secretion
Does calcium exist in higher levels outside of the cell or inside the cell - answerHigher levels
outside
What are the 2 main storage organelles for calcium -...
PMCOL 343: CV I Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What is Ca+ important for in the body - answer✔Contraction, excitation, and secretion
Does calcium exist in higher levels outside of the cell or inside the cell - answer✔Higher levels
outside
What are the 2 main storage organelles for calcium - answer✔The endoplasmic / sarcoplasmic
reticulum and mitochondria
Describe how voltage gated calcium channels regulate the amount of ca entering the cell -
answer✔These channels open when depolarized, and Ca++ flows into the cell via the
electrochemical gradient
Describe how ligand gated calcium channels regulate the amount of ca entering the cell -
answer✔These channels open via the presence of an agonist, and Ca++ flows in
Describe how store operated calcium channels regulate the amount of ca entering the cell -
answer✔These channels open when intracellular calcium stores are depleted, and Ca++ flows
in
Describe how GPCRs regulate the amount of ca entering the cell - answer✔These channels,
under stimulation of an agonist, activate IP3 signalling, which interacts with the IP3 R,
increasing Ca++ from the ER
Describe how ryanodine receptors regulate the amount of ca entering the cell - answer✔When
stimulated, they release Ca++ from ER storage
There are several different types of voltage gated Ca++ channels, L,N,P,R, and T, which are
involved in NT release - answer✔N-type and P-type
There are several different types of voltage gated Ca++ channels, L,N,P,R, and T, which are
involved in heart and smooth muscle - answer✔L-type
Name 3 drugs that inhibit voltage gated Ca++ channels - answer✔Verapamil, diltiazem,
nifedipine
What ligand gated channels cause glutamate toxicity - answer✔NMDA type Ca++ channels
What is considered to be the only true ligand gated ion channel in smooth muscle -
answer✔ATP-gated P2X channels
What process occurs when intracellular Ca++ stores are depleted - answer✔Causes STIM1 to
accumulate at locations where the ER is close to the plasma membrane
The ER / STIM1 interaction with what channel allows for Ca++ to enter the ER -
answer✔Ca++ released activated Ca++ (CRAC channels)
Describe the function of the plasma membrane pump - answer✔Keeps the cytoplasmic Ca++
low by pumping it out of the cell
What is necessary for the function of the plasma membrane pump - answer✔ATP energy
needed to transport Ca++ against concentration gradients
Describe the function of the SERCA pump - answer✔Keeps cytoplasmic Ca++ low by
pumping it into the ER / SR (ATP needed)
What drugs blocks the reuptake of Ca++ into the ER - answer✔Thapsigargin
What would be the result of blocking the ATP SERCA pump - answer✔Promotes cellular
contraction (higher Ca++ in the cytosol)
Describe the mechanism of action that allows the NCX to transport Ca++ out of the cell -
answer✔Uses the energy from the Na+ gradient (high Na+ outside, low Na+ inside) to bring
Na+ in, and pump out Ca++
The NCX brings in 3 Na+ for every 1 Ca++ pumped out, what does this result in -
answer✔Makes the cell more positive (electrogenic), which can cause depolarization of the cell
What occurs when the NCX brings in too much Na+, reducing the Na+ gradient -
answer✔NCX goes into "reverse mode activity," which can result in accumulation of Ca++ in
the cell
What type of receptor is the IP3R - answer✔A ligand gated ion channel (in the SR / ER)
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