BIOL 3240 Exam 1 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)
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BIOL 3240
BIOL 3240 Exam 1 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) What are the two major cell types in the brain? Neurons; glial cells What are some ways cell types can be defined? morphology; transcription profile; cell properties, function; context Two characteristics of neurons asymmetrical, excit...
What are the two major cell types in the brain?
Neurons; glial cells
What are some ways cell types can be defined?
morphology; transcription profile; cell properties, function; context
Two characteristics of neurons
asymmetrical, excitable
There are ____ major types of glial cell
five
A neuron is a post ____ cell
Mitotic
Neurons are both _____ and _____ excitable
chemically, electrically
_________ neurons have only one process that bifurcates into a dendritic end and an
axonal end
Unipolar
Most neurons in invertebrates are _____
unipolar
_____ neurons have two processes: one dendritic structure and one axonal.
bipolar
Many sensory neurons in vertebrates are ____ neurons
bipolar
_______ neurons start as bipolar, but the processes fuse into a single continuous
structure that emerges from a single point on the soma.
pseudo unipolar
_____ neurons usually have a single axon and multiple dendritic structures
Multipolar
Where are pseudo unipolar neurons found?
somatosensory system
Most neurons in the human brain are
,Multipolar
Neurons that connect sensory neurons to motor neurons are called
Interneurons
Neurons that integrate and process an electrical signal into a command signal are
called
Interneurons
Neurons are often categorized based on their _____ in the brain
Location
The cytoskeleton of a neuron is made from what three filaments?
microfilaments, neurofilaments, microtubules
The diameter of neurofilaments is approximately ___ nm
10
What is the most abundant cytoskeletal component in neurons?
neurofilaments
There are three different neurofilament subunits: ___, ___, and ___
L, M, H
There are ___ protofilaments in a protofibril (neurofilament composition)
two
There are ____ protofibrils in a neurofilament
three
Because of their stability, this cytoskeletal element provides strong architectural support
to neurons
neurofilaments
Microtubules have a diameter of about ___ nm
25
This cytoskeletal element is highly dynamic
microtubules
______ (cytoskeletal element) act as railway for distributing compounds in the cell, from
the soma to the periphery
Microtubules
Microfilaments are made of ____ protofilaments
13
, Each protofilament of a microtubule is a polymer of what heterodimers?
alpha and beta tubulin
Which of the cytoskeletal elements in a neuron is polar?
Microtubules
The negative end of the microtubule is oriented towards the ______ of the cell
Center
the positive end of the microtubule is oriented towards the _____ of the cell
periphery
Microtubules grow by addition of _____-bound tubular dimers at the ____ end
GTP; plus
A microtubule shrinks when its positive end is capped by
GDP bound tubulin
In neurons, Mts are stabilized by what proteins?
Microtubule associated proteins (MAPs)
Which MAP is present in dendrites?
MAP2
Which MAP is present in axons?
MAP3
What other MAP is present in axons besides MAP3?
Tau
Microfilaments have a diameter of around __ to ___ nm
3 to 7
Where are microfilaments concentrated in neurons?
Periphery
Microfilaments and their associated proteins form a dynamic network underlying
_______ _______
Growth cones
Microfilaments are short and unstable to ensure ________ _______ of neurons
rapid growth
Microfilaments are made of two strands of _____ forming a double stranded ______
actin; helix
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