fever in elderly - Answer- Fever response diminished → not likely to have high
temperature, Signs and Symptoms, Errors in measurement
pathogen - Answer- something capable of causing disease
when are Neutrophils needed? - Answer- 1st WBCs to appear at injury/infection -
phagocytosis
when are Eosinophils needed? - Answer- allergic reactions and parasitic infection
when are Basophils and mast cells needed - Answer- allergic reactions, chronic
inflammation and wound healing
Presentation of antigens to T cells - Answer- macrophages bring the disease to the T-
cells and thennn T-cells tell everyone else what to do
what do NK (natural killer) cells do? - Answer- Destroy tumor cells and viruses w/o prior
exposure required
what do T cells do? - Answer- Direct the immune system's function
, what do B cells do? - Answer- Form antibodies
innate immunity - Answer- Responds primarily to microbes and are Composed of skin,
phagocytic cells, NK cells, monocytes - macrophages & cytokines
passive immunity - Answer- Immunity that is given to an individual through antibodies.
(through someone or something else) (i.e., From mother to infant, or Antibody
injections)
adaptive immunity - Answer- Requires exposure to the antigen for development -
vaccines, diseases, Acquired over time, Composed of white blood cells (WBCs) and
their products, More specific than innate immunity, Has memory, Two types: Humoral
and cell-mediated
Antigens - Answer- Substances that evoke the immune response
Antibodies/Immunoglobins - Answer- substances secreted in response to the antigen
Lymphocytes (B cells & T cells) - Answer- cells that recognize & respond to the antigen
Macrophages - Answer- present the antigen to the lymphocytes
Cell mediated adaptive immunity - Answer- Composed of T cells, T cells develop from
stem cells in the bone marrow and move to the thymus gland to mature
Humoral adaptive immunity - Answer- Composed of B cells, Born of stem cells that
remain in the bone marrow to mature., Function to produce antibodies
IgG function - Answer- bacteria, toxins, viruses - second responder to antigens
IgM function - Answer- first responder to an antigen - elevated levels indicate a recent
infection → person w/ elevated IgM = just had an infection
IgE function - Answer- allergic & inflammatory reactions; parasites
Primary response - Answer- First exposure to an antigen that stimulates the
development of antibodies - vaccines are a great example (before your allergic to it)
Secondary response - Answer- Occurs when a person is subsequently exposed to the
antigen; you already have the antigen, but now you get an allergic reaction
Type I Hypersensitivity (immediate) - Answer- IgE receptor stimulation on mast cells
and basophilsm, Anaphylactic reactions (life threathening), Local reactions
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