NSG 530 / NSG530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. LATEST VERSION. RATED A.
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NSG 530
Instelling
Wilkes University
A patient with a diagnosis of aplastic anemia has undergone allogenic bone marrow transplantation. Which of the following signs and symptoms would most clearly suggest the existence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
Presence of a pruritic rash that has begun to slough off
A patient has devel...
NSG 530 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2
A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled
DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
Correct Answer: A nucleus
A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the
nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
nutrients to energy?
Correct Answer: Respiration
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would the
genetic information be contained?
Correct Answer: Nucleolus
The fluid mosaic model for biological membranes describes membrane behavior.
According to this model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates in the fluid
lipid bilayer?
Correct Answer: Integral membrane proteins
Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
Correct Answer: Ligands
A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. Which finding would
support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer? Alterations in extracellular matrix that
include:
Correct Answer: Decreased fibronectin
,Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical
contact?
Correct Answer: Cell junction
Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from
neighboring alpha cells. This is an example of which of the following signaling types?
Correct Answer: Paracrine
In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
Correct Answer: Substrate
An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to
contract. The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. How should the nurse
respond? A deficiency in ******** can cause impaired muscle contraction.
Correct Answer: ATP
Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
Correct Answer: Citric acid cycle
A nurse is teaching the staff about the three phases of cellular catabolism. Which of the
following should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: Digestion, glycolysis and oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following
will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
Correct Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
The faculty member asked the student to identify the appropriate term for the movement
of small, electrically uncharged molecules through a semipermeable barrier. Which
answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?
,Correct Answer: Diffusion
A nurse is teaching a patient about fluid and electrolytes. Which of the following
indicates the teaching was successful regarding electrolytes? Electrolytes are:
Correct Answer: Electrically charged molecules
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that
oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
Correct Answer: Plasma proteins
A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg. This lab result is measuring:
Correct Answer: Osmolarity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol?
Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability
to carry oxygen.
A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary
membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid
movement is the nurse describing?
Correct Answer: Hydrostatic pressure
A patient who has diarrhea receives a hypertonic saline solution intravenously to
replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement
have on cells?
Correct Answer: Cells will shrink
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes how glucose is transported from the blood to
the cell. What type of transport system should the nurse discuss with the patient?
Correct Answer: Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)
, How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
Correct Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to
potassium
The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is
an example of which of the following types of transport?
Correct Answer: Symport
During which process can lysosomal enzymes be released to degrade engulfed
particles?
Correct Answer: Phagocytosis
A nurse is teaching the staff about cholesterol. Which information should be taught? The
cellular uptake of cholesterol depends on:
Correct Answer: Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic
division occurs. What is this cell cycle phase called?
Correct Answer: M
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action
potential?
Correct Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane
potential is 70 millivolts. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+ , and the predominant
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