most common cause of infectious cervicitis - ANSWERchlamydia, gonorrhea, hsv, hpv, trich
untreated infectious cervicitis leads to - ANSWERPID
Endometrioma - ANSWERmass arising from growth of ectopic endometrial tissue, complex mass on ultrasound. Presents with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareun...
most common cause of infectious cervicitis - ANSWERchlamydia, gonorrhea, hsv, hpv, trich
untreated infectious cervicitis leads to - ANSWERPID
Endometrioma - ANSWERmass arising from growth of ectopic endometrial tissue, complex mass on
ultrasound. Presents with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia "chocolate cyst"
Signs of PCOS - ANSWERMenstrual dysfunction and irregularity
Hyperandrogenism and hirsutism
Obesity
Infertility
*Hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistant*
How is PCOS diagnosed? - ANSWERDiagnosed with ROTTERDAM CRITERIA - pt must have 2 of the 3:
1. oligo/anovulation
2. hyperandrogenism
- clinical (hirsutism or male pattern alopecia) or
- biochemical (raised FAI or free testosterone)
3. polycystic ovaries on ultrasound ('pearl necklace' - follicles that are lined up on the ovaries)
PCOS treatment - ANSWER1. Weight reduction
2. Oral contraceptives (hirsutism)
3. Clomiphene citrate (infertility)
metformin for insulin resistence
fibroma - ANSWERtumor of fibrous tissue
before menopause
produce no hormones
mastitis - ANSWERinflammation of the breast; most commonly occurs in women who are
breastfeeding. unilateral
treat; PCNs, feed, heat therapy. baby can still feed
does mastitis increase breast ca risk - ANSWERno
mammary duct ectasia - ANSWERInflammation with dilation (ectasia) of the subareolar ducts. firm
stable mass under nipple. cheesy discharge
, common 50-60 yr olds
treat: abx, surgery
does mammary duct ectasia increasee breast ca risk - ANSWERno
Fat necrosis of the breast, increasse risk? - ANSWERoften after surgery or trauma
can have skin retraction and calcifications that mimic malignacny, but biopsy will show fat globules
and foamy histiocytes
watchful waiting, doesnt increase breast ca risk
fibrocystic breast disease - ANSWERmost common. 20-45yrs old or on estorgen.
numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strands of fibrous tissue in the breast
fibrocystic breast disease treatment, increase risk? - ANSWER-NSAIDS, Heat or Ice, Support bra,
decrease caffeine , fat, chocolate.
-Vitamin E
no increase risk breast CA
not considered cancer but at higher risk for it. watchful waiting
Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast - ANSWERhighest frequency of bilateral involvement,
invasion of narrow cords of cells (indian files)
women >55 yrs
Grading Breast Cancer - ANSWERtubule formation, nuclear grade, mitotic rate
G1-low, well differentiatd
G2intermediate, mod differentiated
G3-high risk, poorly differentiated
Cancer Staging - ANSWERTNM=
T describes the size of the original (primary) tumor and whether it has invaded nearby tissue,
N describes nearby (regional) lymph nodes that are involved,
M describes distant metastasis (spread of cancer from one part of the body to another).
local treatments of breast cancer - ANSWERRadiation to breast and surgery --> not metastasized
systemic treatment of breast cancer - ANSWERchemo, targeted therapy, hormonal
primary treatment for early breast cancer - ANSWERsurgery
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