List the species of Brucella of veterinary significance correct answers i. Brucella abortus: Bovine Brucellosis in cattles *Zoonotic*
- Also cause ungulate fever in human
ii. Brucella melitensis: Abortion in sheep and goat *Zoonotic*
- cause Malta fever in human
iii. Brucella suis: cause abor...
list the species of brucella of veterinary signifi
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List the species of Brucella of veterinary significance correct answers i. Brucella abortus: Bovine
Brucellosis in cattles *Zoonotic*
- Also cause ungulate fever in human
ii. Brucella melitensis: Abortion in sheep and goat *Zoonotic*
- cause Malta fever in human
iii. Brucella suis: cause abortion in pigs *Zoonotic*
- disease happen in Australia
iv. Brucella canis: abortion and epididymitis in dogs *Zoonotic)
v. Brucella ovis: epididymitis and occasional abortion in sheep *Zoonotic*
- disease happen in Australia
vi. Others that are seen in marine mammals: B. ceti, and B pennipedialis *Zoonotic*
Brucella species that are zoonotic correct answers i. Brucella abortus
ii. Brucella Melitensis
iii. Brucella suis
iv. Brucella canis
v. Brucella ceti and pennipedalis
*Brucella ovis is the only one that is not zoonotic
Brucella species that happen in Australia correct answers i. Brucella suis
ii. Brucella ovis
General property of brucella correct answers i. Short gam negative rods (coccobacillus)
ii. Non-motile, slowing and fastidious (require carbon dioxide and serum for growth)
iii. Delicate
iv. There is smooth and rough forms
a. Smooth form: B abortus, B. Melitenesis and B. suis
b. Rough form: B. Ovis and B. canis (mucoid)
c. Smooth form are usually more virulent than the rough form due to the presence of LS O
antigen
- Protect bacteria from cellular cationic peptide, oxygen meabolie and complement mediated
lysis
- Key molecules for survival and replication in host
Epidemiology of Brucella correct answers i. Brucellae have predilection to female and male
reproductive tract in sexually matured animals
ii. Each Brucellae spp. end to infect a particular animal species
iii. Reservoir: infected animals, organism shed can be viable in moist environment for months
iv. Transmission: Direct contact to infected animals (Venereal or skin)
- also via contact or ingestion of fluid or tissue associated with abortion
Pathogenesis of brucellla abortus involve which aspect correct answers 1. Disease properties
2. Life cycle of the bacteria
3. Virulence factors of Brucella aborus
, 4. Immunity of the host
Disease properties of brucella abortus infection correct answers i. This bacteria is a obligate
parasite i.e. no Life cycle outside host
ii. Facultative intraceullar pathogen
iii. Erythritol in the host acts as a growth factor to the bacteria --> tropism to tissue with high
level of erythritol
iv. Can cause chronic infection with minimal damage to host
- bacteria can survive for long time
v. Highly infectious disease: Transmission: ingestion, venereal or via the skin (main route for
veterinarian)
- Incubation period is around 1 to 2 months
Lifecycle of brucella abortus correct answers i. Calves are insusceptible up to breeding age
- First time infection cause abortion subsequent infection do not cause abortion, but shedding of
organism continue
ii. Calves are infected via ingestion, skin or venereal route
iii. Intermittent bacteriaemia and localizing in the reticuloendothelial system
iv(a). In bulls, the bacteria invade the seminal vesicles and testes (high erythritol) sterility
- animals usually transmit bacteria to other animals via contact or veneral transmission
Iv(b). In non-pregnant animals, bacteria invade the mammary gland interstitial mastitis and shed
in milk
- milk is a potential source of transmission + risk of zoonotic spread
Iv(c). In pregnant animals, bacteria also cause interstitial mastitis
- bacteria also invade the uterus, migrate into the placenta or foetal fluid (high erythoritol)
usually cause abortion at around 7th months retained foetal membrane/ placenta (Zoonotic risk)
or hygromas
Virulence factors of brucella abortus correct answers i. Invasiveness: Can penetrate mucous
membrane and broken skin
ii. Erythritol requirement (cheomtaxis): Strain S19 (for vaccination) is not stimulated by
erythritol (no abortion)
iii. Serum resistance:
- Smooth strain is more resistant and virulent due to O side chain (block antibody IgG binding)
iv. Intracellular survival
- Like salmonella
- Internalisation by acrphages by membrane ruffling and macropinocytosis
- resistant to lysosomal degradation
v. Chronic infection can happen
Immunity of host in brucella abortus infection correct answers i. Predominately cell mediated
immunity +/- circulating antibody
ii. Immunity is not always enough to prevent infection chronically infected animals
iii. Chronic low grade infection with relapse infected bone (joint and spines) + Hypersensitive to
Brucella antigen
iv. No correlation between level of antibody and acquired immunity
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