EDF 6225: Chapter 1 and 2 (For test #1)CORRECT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED A)
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EDF 6225
Applied Behavior Analysis: The science in which tactics derived from the principles of _________ are applied to improve ________ significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change. - ANSWER behavior
socially
________________: The idea t...
EDF 6225: Chapter 1 and 2 (For test
#1)CORRECT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED
A)
Applied Behavior Analysis: The science in which tactics derived from the principles of _________ are
applied to improve ________ significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables
responsible for behavior change. - ANSWER behavior
socially
________________: The idea that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which all phenomena
occur as a result of other events, or are systematically related to other factors, which are themselves
physical phenomena amendable to scientific investigation. - ANSWER Determinism
Behaviorism: The ___________ of the science of behavior. The science of behavior entails 3 domains:
philosophy, basic research (______) and applied research (ABA). - ANSWER philosophy
EAB
______________: a controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomena of interest (__________
variable) under two or more different conditions, in which only one factor at a time (independent
variable) differs from one condition to another. - ANSWER Experiment
dependent
Empiricism: the practice of ____________ observation of the phenomena of interest, independent of
the individual prejudices, tastes and private opinions of the scientist. - ANSWER objective
Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB): _________ research; named by Skinner to be the analysis of
operant behavior. - ANSWER Basic
,___________ Fiction: a fictitious or hypothetical variable that often takes form of another name for the
observed phenomenon it claims to explain and contributes nothing to a functional account or
understanding of the phenomenon, such as "intelligence" or "cognitive awareness" as explanations for
why an organism pushes the lever when the light is on and food is available but does not push the lever
when the light is off and no food is available. - ANSWER Explanatory
Hypothetic Constructs - ANSWER Presumed but unobserved entities that cannot be manipulated in an
experiment, such as cognitive processes, drives and free will.
Functional Analysis: a demonstration of functional ________ between environmental variables and
behavior. This differs from a correlation. A correlation means that we see two things sometimes
_________ with each other, such as vocabulary knowledge and shoe size. However, shoe size does not
determine vocabulary knowledge, and therefore those two variables do not have a function relation.
A functional relation indicates as one variable changes in one way, the other variable reliably changes as
well. A functional relation exists when we well controlled experiment demonstrates a specific change in
one event is _________ produced by manipulations of another event, and the change is unlikely to be
due to other cofounding variables. - ANSWER relations
covary
reliably
_____________: An approach to explaining behavior that assumes that a mental, or "inner," dimension
exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly
cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior, if not all.
Hypothetical constructs and explanatory fictions make up mentalism, and this idea dominated
intellectual thought in most early psychological theories (Ex Freud). - ANSWER Mentalism
________________ Behaviorism: Philosophical position that considers behavioral events that cannot be
publicly observed (inner variables such as feelings) to be outside the realm of the science.
This standpoint views everything in the mind as inside the "black box" and therefore believes it the be
outside the realm of science. - ANSWER Methodological
, _____________: Requires that all simple, logical explanations for the phenomena of interest be ruled
out experimentally before more complex or abstract explanations are considered. - ANSWER Parsimony
Philosophic Doubt: Requires the scientist to continually __________ the truthfulness of what is regarded
as fact.
Example: she twirls her hair when she is on the bus and does not twirl her hair when she is at recess. -
ANSWER Observation
Correlation:
(level of scientific understanding: PREDICTION)
When repeated observations reveal that two events consistently ____________ with each other. (not
causal).
Example: very often, she twirls her hair when she is given a task. - ANSWER covary
Functional Relation:
(level of scientific understanding: _______________)
When a well-controlled experiment demonstrates that a specific change in on event (dependent
variable) is reliably produced by specific manipulations of another event (independent variable) and that
the change in the dependent variable was unlikely to be the result of other cofounding variables.
Example: We could give the client more tasks to see if the hair twirling behavior increases, and then
remove tasks to see if the hair twirling decreases. If the data continues to follow this pattern, we can
now say we have control of the behavior. - ANSWER CONTROL
The attitudes of science:
determinism, _____________, experimentation, replication, ____________ and philosophic doubt.
Scientific knowledge is built on, above all- empiricism. - ANSWER empiricism
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