UCSD Poli 10D Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025
Agency of Loss - ANSWERSdiscrepancy between what citizens would like their officials to do and how the officials actually behave, risk that always comes with having representative democracy
Antifederalists - ANSWERSloosely organized group (ne...
Agency of Loss - ANSWERSdiscrepancy between what citizens would like their officials to do and how the
officials actually behave, risk that always comes with having representative democracy
Antifederalists - ANSWERSloosely organized group (never a formal political party) that opposed
ratification of the Constitution; thought it would jeopardize individual freedom and states' rights. Group
that pushed for the Bill of Rights (Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, Sam Adams, James Monroe)
Articles of Confederation - ANSWERSContract among thirteen original states that formed the basis of the
first national government; Weaknesses: Each state had one vote in congress, no ability to tax, no court
system to settle disputes, could not regulate commerce between states, couldn't prevent discrimination
between states, little to no national power
Australian Ballot - ANSWERSvoting system where voters mark their choices in private on uniform ballots
so the vote remains a secret
Helped dismantle party machines
Bicameral - ANSWERSlegislature comprised of two houses or chambers; House of Representatives and
Senate
California State Budget - ANSWERSCA's largest revenue is income tax. Other half is sales tax and
corporate income and franchise tax. Money mainly goes toward police and fire, but also education and
public services
Campaign Spending - ANSWERSCampaign finance= all funds raised in order to promote candidates,
parties, or policies
Super PACs exist to spend money, PACs collect money and give it to candidates
, Amount of spending can be limited as a condition of receiving public funding
Caucuses - ANSWERSClosed meeting of a political legislative group to choose candidate from office or to
decide issues of policy
Checks and Balances - ANSWERSeach branch of government controls different aspects of government
and has the ability to limit the power of the other branches
Civil and Criminal Law - ANSWERS100 million cases per year. Civil: violations of obligations and contracts
between individuals and groups
Criminal: Offenses against society as a whole. Enforced by government, owes a debt to society if
convicted. Beyond reasonable doubt to convict
Cognitive Shortcut/Cues and Heuristics - ANSWERStake small amount of information to make complex
decisions
Incumbent performance, single issues, opinion leaders, candidate traits
Collective Action - ANSWERSefforts of a group to reach a common goal, work together to find
agreements
Commerce Clause - ANSWERSClause that gives Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce
Historical: interpreted broadly by Congress and the Court
Current: more narrow interpretation
Conformity Cost - ANSWERSDifference between what a person ideally wants and what the group actually
does
Policy outcomes that do not best serve their interests
Conservative - ANSWERSfavors limited government, free market, self-reliance, and traditional social
norms
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