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ENGR 482 Final Exam Questions and Answers

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ENGR 482 Final Exam Questions and Answers What is an "artifact"? - Ans:-any object intentionally created by humans What is the Common Sense View? - Ans:-man-made objects are mere tools used by humans so artifacts have no moral properties you cannot blame a bomb...the type of entities that are r...

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ENGR 482 Final Exam Questions and Answers

What is an "artifact"? - Ans:✔✔-any object intentionally created by humans

What is the Common Sense View? - Ans:✔✔-man-made objects are mere tools used by humans

so artifacts have no moral properties

you cannot blame a bomb...the type of entities that are right/wrong are actions performed by human

beings

What is the Strong View? - Ans:✔✔-believes that artifacts do have moral properties

What are the subsets of the Strong View? - Ans:✔✔-Bruno Latour- "morality is inside the things"...

Actor/Network Theory attributes moral relevance to artifacts whose existence perpetuates moral values,

so some combinations of objects and subjects should be thought of as the same entity

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Langdon Winner-claims that low overpasses etc. "embody a systematic social inequality" that becomes

"part of the landscape"...social inequality is a moral value, so if this is part of the landscape then

technological artifacts embody morality

Peter-Paul Verbeek-"moral agency is distributed over both humans and technological artifacts"... no

boundary between humans and technology (like Latour)...but many technological artifacts blur the

distinction between subject and object so should ascribe moral agency to hybrid entities consisting of

both subjects and objects

According to the "Common Sense View," technological artifacts take on moral properties when used for

good or evil by human beings

T/F - Ans:✔✔-F

this view holds that artifacts have no moral properties in themselves

The difference between the "Common Sense" and "Strong" views toward the morality of technological

artifacts is a matter of the degree to which people blame artifacts for immoral actions

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T/F - Ans:✔✔-F

not a matter of degree, rather fundamental difference between views regarding whether artifacts can be

held morally responsible for certain actions

Bruno Latour, reflecting the "Strong View" toward technological artifacts, believed artifacts are morally

considerable because they work as actants alongside human beings in a responsible network.

T/F - Ans:✔✔-T

Latour calls artifacts "actants" in an "Actor Network," the constituents of which form one and the same

entity that is responsible for certain actions

Which of the following statements best represents the "Strong View" toward the morality of

technological artifacts?

a. A war ship is culpable for immoral acts insofar as it was designed for violent purposes

b. Humans and technological artifacts form an inseparable unit that is itself morally responsible in action

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c. Technological artifacts should be held to a separate moral standard that is nonetheless analogous to

human responsibility

d. One should question the morality of certain artifacts if they were designed by immoral persons -

Ans:✔✔-b

It is to this unit that we should attribute moral responsibility, rather than distinguishing between the

human agent and the artifact

Why are Robert Moses' architectural designs indicative of Langdon Winner's view of the moral

properties of artifacts (ie the "Strong View")?

a. his designs were enacted by a government that did not protect civil rights of all citizens

b. moral values are built into his designs, which come to embody these values

c. his designs were build with racist intention

d. exploited labor was used in the construction of his designs - Ans:✔✔-b

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