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Infant Development (Exam 1) Complete Questions And Answers
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Infant Development (Exam 1) CompleteQuestions And Answers
Stages of Development CORRECT ANSWERS Infancy- Birth to 12 months
Toddlerhood-- 1-3 years (12-36 months)
Preschool- 3-6 years
School Age- 6-12 years
Adolescence- 12-18 years
Principles of Development CORRECT ANSWERS Development is orderly and
sequential
Development is predictable
Development is directional—cephalocaudal—develop from head to toe (they learn to
move their head before they learn to walk, they learn to move their hands before their
toes, and proximal-distal—goes from the middle outward—learn to move their hands
before they learn to move their fingers. Palmar grasp
Development is unique for each child
Development is interrelated—can't have a pinsor grasp until you can move your fingers;
you can't walk if you can't move your legs (hip bone connected to thigh bone)
Development becomes increasingly differentiated—specialized; goes from being all the
same to more specific
Development becomes increasingly integrated and complex
Children are competent-very able to meet developmental skills; we don't have to teach
them how to have a pinsor grasp
New skills predominate—once they learn something, they don't forget it..they don't go
back to using other, non-effective ways
Learn to move head by 4 months
Roll over @ 6 months
Teeth come in top to bottom; front to back. Although it is universal, development is also
individualized...all get teeth in same way, but not at the same time.
Nature VS. Nurture CORRECT ANSWERS Nature
Genetic or hereditary capability of an individual
Nurture
The effects of the environment on a person's performance
Health Promotion and Maintenance CORRECT ANSWERS Pediatric Health Care
Health Supervision
, 2w, 2m, 4m, 6m, 9m, 12m, 15m, 18m, 2y, then yearly
Physical exam—make sure head isn't microcephalic; look at sensory, play, sleep,
fine/gross motor
Developmental screening
Nutrition, Physical Activity, Oral Health
Anticipatory Guidance--this is going to happen, let me tell you how to deal with it
Growth Chart CORRECT ANSWERS If I say I'm in the 95th percentile for height---
you're taller than 95% of the kids your age
You want them somewhere between the lines
Freud's Theory of Pyschosexual Development: Infants CORRECT ANSWERS Oral
Infant derives please largely from the mouth with sucking and eating as primary desires
Nursing Implications:
NPO status- offer a pacifier for the infant who cannot have oral fluids
NPO—taking away the suck which is the only way the baby has to comfort itself—you
can offer non-nutritive sucking—pacifier dipped in breast milk
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development CORRECT ANSWERS Trust versus
mistrust
Establish trust in the people providing care
Nursing Implications:
Hold infant often
Offer comfort after painful procedures
Meet basic needs—feed them
I cry; someone comes to see about me; someone comes to feed me
Abused babies do not cry—fail this step because they learn it doesn't work
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development: Infant CORRECT ANSWERS Sensorimotor
Stage
The infant learns from movement and sensory input
Cause and Effect
Object Permanence—peekaboo @ about 6 months
Nursing Implications:
Use toys to distract the infant during procedures and assessments
Provide interesting colorful stimuli
Interpret the world through their senses—that sensory input enables them to develop
Growth and Development: Infant CORRECT ANSWERS Proportional Changes
Birth weight doubles by 5-6 months
Birth weight triples by 1 year
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