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BIOD 121 (portage) Module 4 Vitamins and Minearls with complete verified solutions
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BIOD 121 (portage) Module 4 Vitamins and Minearls with complete verified solutions
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BIOD 121 (portage) Module4: Vitamins and Minearls
with complete verified
solutions already graded A+
Vitamins - answer organic compounds that the body needs in small
amounts, almost exclusively obtained through the diet.
Function of vitamines? - answer help regulate and support a variety of
processes related to digestion, absorption, metabolism, and body
regulations.
Yield no energy: - answer vitamines
Vitamins are important for: - answer growth and maintenance of our
bodies
How many essential vitamins are there? - answer 13 known
Essential Vitamins: - answer found in both plant and animal sources, and
the majority cannot be synthesized by the human body.
Exceptions to vitamins that do not have to be consumed by in the diet: -
answer Vitamin K and biotin (produced from gut flora in the GI tract), and
vitamin D which is synthesized in the skin through sunlight
Two vitamins can be produced through precursors: - answer Vitamin A
can be produced after we consume food containing beta carotene, and
niacin can be produced when we consume foods containing the amino acid
tryptophan.
,Organic compounds must meet 2 criteria in order to be considered a
vitamin: - answer 1) enough of the compound must be consumed in the
diet to maintain health
2) symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound,
resulting in declining health, but is restored when the deficiency is
corrected.
Why do we fortify and enrich our foods? - answer During manufacturing
of food, some nutrients are lost.
Enrichment: - answer the process of taking nutrients that were lost in the
milling or processing of the food and adding them back to the final
product
Fortification - answer process of supplementing a product with additional
vitamins that would not normally be in that product (i.e. putting vitamin D
in orange juice or adding vitamins to cereal)
Vitamins can be classified as: - answer fat soluble or water soluble
Fat-soluble vitamins: - answer dependent on dietary fat for absorption.
Once absorbed they are stored in adipose tissue and liver.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are: - answer fat soluble
Since fat-soluble vitamins are not easily excreted from the body, excess
consumption over time could lead to: - answer toxic levels in the body
Two forms of Vitamin A: - answer Preformed (Retinol, Retinal) and
Provitamin (carotenoids)
Functions of Preformed vitamin A - answer vision, immunity, growth
development, disease prevention
, Functions of Provitamin A - answer precursors, antioxidants
Deficiencies of Preformed Vitamin A - answer night blindness,
Xeropthalmia
Xeropthalmia: - answer occurs when mucus isn't developing and
blindness sets in
Deficiencies of Provitamin A - answer Macular Degeneration
Sources of Preformed Vitamin A - answer Animal sources
Sources of Provitamin A - answer Plant sources: yellow, orange, red,
green leafy vegetables
Which for of vitamin A can become toxic in high levels? - answer
preformed vitamin A
Retinal: - answer helps the eyes adjust from bright to dim light
Antioxidant: - answer stop the reactive substances (oxidants) from
potentially causing damage to cells
Vitamin D: - answer unique because it is both a vitamin and a hormone
Forms of Vitamin D: - answer D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol)
Functions of D2 (ergocalciferol): - answer calcium regulation, immune
system
D2 (ergocalcuferol): - answer synthetic product used in supplements
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