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MSU PSY 235 - Exam 1 Questions + Answers Graded A+

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MSU PSY 235

Social Cognitive Perspective - ️️theoretical viewpoint that focuses on the mental processes involved in paying attention to, interpreting, and remembering social experiences; interactions between events and a person's interpretation Stanford Prison Experiment - ️️Experiment that set up a...

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MSU PSY 235 - Exam 1

Social Cognitive Perspective - ✔️✔️theoretical viewpoint that focuses on the mental
processes involved in paying attention to, interpreting, and remembering social
experiences; interactions between events and a person's interpretation

Stanford Prison Experiment - ✔️✔️Experiment that set up a mock prison that was
supposed to test whether a person's situation or personal traits take control in bad
situations. The experiment is discredited because some of the participants, like the one
nicknamed "John Wayne," of how the experimenter wanted them to act (demand
characteristics). This is also discredited because there isn't internal or external valid. It
had too many factors that conflicted on the set up and execution of the study for it to be
valid.

Evolutionary Perspective Example - ✔️✔️Adaptive Mate Preferences: Females prefer
older males, and males prefer females that are closer to the prime reproductive years.
This is because females' resources for reproduction are limited, so men want to have
women that are still able to reproduce.

Sociocultural Perspective - ✔️✔️theoretical viewpoint that searches for causes of
social behavior in influences from larger social groups; focuses on social norms, culture,
and mob mentality

Sociocultural Perspective Example - ✔️✔️Culture Differences: Americans emphasize
individuality, while many Asian cultures view themselves with as a part of their collective
society.

Social Cultural Perspective Example - ✔️✔️Memory Bias: When asked to describe
themselves now and a couple years ago, people will describe themselves in a better
light now because they want to look better.

Social Learning Perspective - ✔️✔️theoretical viewpoint that focuses on past learning
driving people's social behaviors by the rewards and punishments; we do not learn
anything ourselves

Evolutionary Perspective - ✔️✔️theoretical viewpoint that states that social behaviors
are rooted in physical and psychological predispositions that helped our ancestors
survive and reproduce; stresses natural selection and adaptations

Social Learning Perspective Example - ✔️✔️Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment: Kids
would beat up the bobo dolls if they saw violence of adults being rewarded.

, Correlation - ✔️✔️extent to which 2 or more variables are associated with each other;
does NOT imply causation

Correlation Coefficient - ✔️✔️mathematical expression to explain correlation; ranges
from -1 to 1, and the closer to the absolute value of 1, the stronger the relationship
between the 2 variables is

Experiments - ✔️✔️systematically manipulating one variable while keeping all other
variables constant

Independent Variable - ✔️✔️manipulated variable

Dependent Variable - ✔️✔️measured variable; changes as a function of the
independent variable

Demand Characteristics - ✔️✔️a cue that makes participants in an experiment aware
of how the experimenter expects their behavior

Internal Validity - ✔️✔️extent to which the experiment allows a confident statement of
cause and effect

External Validity - ✔️✔️extent to which results of the experiment can be generalized to
other circumstances

Cognitive Heuristics - ✔️✔️mental shortcut used to make a judgement

Representative Heuristics - ✔️✔️mental shortcut people use to classify something as
belonging to a certain category to the extent that is like a typical case from that category

Representative Heuristics Example - ✔️✔️classifying someone as a frat member if they
like to party, and has a lot of different friends

Availability Heuristic - ✔️✔️mental shortcut people use to estimate the likelihood of an
event by the ease with which instances of that event come to mind

Availability Heuristic Example - ✔️✔️asking someone to say the first fruit when you say
yellow, and they say banana because it is the most common thing that will come to
mind for many people

Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic - ✔️✔️mental shortcut through which people begin
with a rough estimate as a starting point and then adjust this estimate to consider
unique characteristics in the present situation

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