100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na je betaling Lees online óf als PDF Geen vaste maandelijkse kosten
logo-home
Eerder door jou gezocht
Eerder door jou gezocht
logo
Crim 310 Midterm || with 100% Errorless Answers. €14,12
In winkelwagen
Snel navigeren naar
Voorbeeld
  2.  
  3. Crim 310
  4.  
  5. Crim 310

Tentamen (uitwerkingen)

Crim 310 Midterm || with 100% Errorless Answers.
 0 keer verkocht
  • Vak
  • Crim 310
  • Instelling
  • Crim 310

What were the suggestions of the demonological and spiritual approach? correct answers - criminals were possessed by demons - criminals were "evil", individual acted beyond control as demons took over - crime was a conflict between private citizens rather than a conflict with the state What di...

[Meer zien]

Voorbeeld 3 van de 22  pagina's

Document informatie

  • 31 oktober 2024
  • 22
  • 2024/2025
  • Tentamen (uitwerkingen)
  • Vragen en antwoorden

Onderwerpen

  • what were the suggestions of the demonological an

Geschreven voor

  • Crim 310
  • Crim 310

Verkoper

avatar-seller
FullyFocus

Ontvangen beoordelingen

Voorbeeld van de inhoud

Crim 310 Midterm || with 100% Errorless Answers.
What were the suggestions of the demonological and spiritual approach? correct answers -
criminals were possessed by demons
- criminals were "evil", individual acted beyond control as demons took over
- crime was a conflict between private citizens rather than a conflict with the state

What did the Church introduce as punishments and why were these sometimes ineffective
deterrents? correct answers - Trials eg by fire, battle, duel to make the system more fair
- ineffective when someone had high physical strength or high pain tolerance...could get away
with more

Michel Foucault; Power and Knowledge correct answers - Power and Knowledge are the same
and inseparable
- Power and Knowledge feed off one another; people in power have access to knowledge and
they decide what knowledge is given to others

Why does Foucault believe we must be critical of the knowledge we have access to? correct
answers Because people in power decide what knowledge we have access to

Foucault on Punishment correct answers Decrease of harsh punishments from past to now is
because less punitive punishments are more *economically efficient*
(not because we've become more compassionate)

What explanation of crime rejected the Spiritual/Demonic Possession explanation? correct
answers The classical school

The Classical School; focus correct answers *Rationality and Hedonism*
Assumes that rational persons weigh the benefits and harms before acting

What were the suggestions of the classical school? correct answers - humans have *free will*
- humans make calculated decisions to be involved in crime; if behaviour bound to benefit them,
more likely to do it

How did the classical school make changes in the CJS? correct answers - first use of
imprisonment as punishment
- wrote down laws = promoted equality and transparency and eliminated class bias
- written down laws more likely to be applied fairly
- sentencing

Who said that criminal behaviour is the result of free will? correct answers Jeremy Bentham
(1748-1832)

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) correct answers - free will to make decisions
- hedonistic calculus to make decisions
- punishment should be fair and fit the crime

,Bentham: Hedonistic Calculus correct answers people weigh the pros and cons; in the moment
based on environmental cues that would allow them to get away with it or be caught;
seeking pleasure and avoiding pain

Bentham: Fair and Fit the Crime correct answers Punishment should be *swift, certain, severe*

Bentham: why should punishment be swift, certain, and severe? correct answers Overly harsh
punishment and needless laws cause public to lose respect for the system

Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) correct answers - presumption of innocence
- punishment should be severe, certain, and swift to deter

What did Beccaria and Bentham agree about regarding deterrence? correct answers Severity of
punishment was less important than certainty and swiftness (celerity)

Severity correct answers Punishment must be comparable to the harm caused by the crime

Certainty correct answers Chance of being detected must have high level of certainty; offender
must perceive they are likely to be caught and punished

Celerity/Swiftness correct answers Punishment should take place shortly after the act

Who's thoughts are still noted in legislation today? Eg American Constitution correct answers
Beccaria of the Classical School

The Positivist School; focus correct answers - "science of crime"; assumes factors beyond our
control and dictate behaviour
- crime is result of factors that can be identified using scientific method
- explaining criminal behaviour rather than specific criminal act

How did the Positivist School respond to the Classical School? correct answers Suggested that
humans do NOT have free will

The Positivist School; Determinism correct answers the way people behave is due to the
circumstances beyond their control (eg biological, psychological, social, environmental factors)

How do Positivists believe in studying human behaviour? correct answers By studying them
SCIENTIFICALLY; eg in a lab

How did the positivist school influence the CJS? correct answers - rehabilitation
- parole
- use of scientific experts

Biological Positivism correct answers - humans are naturally selfish because evolution requires
this

, - humans subject to same biological drives like any other animal
- law represents a consensus in society and defines normal

Biological Positivism; what does it explain correct answers - chronic offenders, antisocial
criminals

(stays away from criminal law and crime rates)

Early Biological Positivism believes correct answers - criminal behaviour could be determined
by physical characteristics, physical behaviours, and bodytypes

What were the key influences of the biological positivist theories? correct answers - psychiatric
work on psychopaths (insanity)
- physiognomy and phrenology (skull shapes and appearance in criminality)
- evolutionary theory

Contemporary Biological Positivism believes correct answers - criminal behaviour result of
genetic + environmental factors
- must study brain abnormalities

Early Positivists correct answers *Lombroso* (Criminality is inherited, 5 types of criminals)

*Ferri* (disputed biological and focused on psychological)

*Garofalo* (natural theory of crime -- embraces violent and property crimes, student of
Lombroso, attributed crime to phsyiological makeup rather than physical traits...."nature")

Theory of the Atavistic Man (1876); Cesare Lombroso correct answers - distinct and physical
differences between criminals and non-criminals
- based on physical features, criminals were *less evolved* than law abiders

Cesare Lombroso correct answers - theory of atavistic man
- father of modern criminology
- physician and pathologist

Lombroso's system of criminal classification correct answers - Born criminals (born to commit
crime due to insanity or epilepsy)
- Criminals of Passion (commit crimes in various situations or for politically motivated reasons)
- Insane or Mentally Defective (low IQ, alcoholism)

Who set out to disprove Lombroso's theory on the Atavistic Man? correct answers Charles
Goring (1913)

What did Goring argue? correct answers There was little difference in physical characteristics of
criminals and non-criminals
- no connection between crime and "defective intelligence" eg epilepsy, insanity

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Focus op de essentie

Focus op de essentie

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper FullyFocus. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €14,12. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 68175 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen
€14,12
  • (0)
In winkelwagen
Toegevoegd