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CHAPTER 15: INFECTION AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

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CHAPTER 15: INFECTION AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY

VIRUS INFECTION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

A patient who has vague symptoms of fatigue, headaches, and a positive test for

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies using an enzyme immunoassay

(EIA) test. What instructions should the nurse give to this patient?

a. "The EIA test will need to be repeated to verify the results."

b. "A viral culture will be done to determine the progression of the disease."

c. "It will probably be 10 or more years before you develop acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)."

d. "The Western blot test will be done to determine whether acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has developed."

ANS: A

After an initial positive EIA test, the EIA is repeated before more specific testing such as

the Western blot is done. Viral cultures are not usually part of HIV testing. It is not

appropriate for the nurse to predict the time frame for AIDS development. The Western

blot tests for HIV antibodies, not for AIDS.

A patient who has a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

antibodies is admitted to the hospital with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

(PCP) and a CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/L. Based on diagnostic

criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),

,which statement by the nurse is correct?

a. "The patient meets the criteria for a diagnosis of an acute HIV infection."

b. "The patient will be diagnosed with asymptomatic chronic HIV infection."

c. "The patient has developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)."

d. "The patient will develop symptomatic chronic HIV infection in less than a

year."

ANS: C

Development of PCP meets the diagnostic criterion for AIDS. The other responses

indicate earlier stages of HIV infection than is indicated by the PCP infection.

A patient with a positive rapid antibody test result for human immunodeficiency

virus (HIV) is anxious and does not appear to hear what the nurse is saying. What

action by the nurse is most important at this time?

a. Teach the patient about the medications available for treatment.

b. Inform the patient how to protect sexual and needle-sharing partners.

c. Remind the patient about the need to return for retesting to verify the results.

d. Ask the patient to notify individuals who have had risky contact with the

patient.

ANS: C

After an initial positive antibody test, the next step is retesting to confirm the results. A

patient who is anxious is not likely to be able to take in new information or be willing to

disclose information about HIV status of other individuals.

A patient who is diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

tells the nurse, "I feel obsessed with thoughts about dying. Do you think I am just

, being morbid?" Which response by the nurse is best?

a. "Thinking about dying will not improve the course of AIDS."

b. "It is important to focus on the good things about your life now."

c. "Do you think that taking an antidepressant might be helpful to you?"

d. "Can you tell me more about the kind of thoughts that you are having?"

ANS: D

More assessment of the patient's psychosocial status is needed before taking any other

action. The statements, "Thinking about dying will not improve the course of AIDS" and

"It is important to focus on the good things in life" discourage the patient from sharing

any further information with the nurse and decrease the nurse's ability to develop a

trusting relationship with the patient. Although antidepressants may be helpful, the initial

action should be further assessment of the patient's feelings.

A pregnant woman with a history of asymptomatic chronic human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is seen at the clinic. The patient states, "I

am very nervous about making my baby sick." Which information will the nurse

include when teaching the patient?

a. The antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV infection are teratogenic.

b. Most infants born to HIV-positive mothers are not infected with the virus.

c. Because she is at an early stage of HIV infection, the infant will not contract

HIV.

d. It is likely that her newborn will become infected with HIV unless she uses

antiretroviral therapy (ART).

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CHAPTER 15: INFECTION AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

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