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Psychology 110: Exam 3 With Complete solutions | Latest update 100% Solved
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Psychology 110: Exam 3 With Complete solutions | Latest update 100% Solved
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Psychology 110: Exam 3 With Completesolutions | Latest update 100% Solved
What did Jeffrey Gray say about personality? - ✔✔proposed behavioral approach system (BAS)
& behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
Behavioral Approach System (BAS) - ✔✔brain system involved in pursuit of incentives
or rewards
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) - ✔✔brain system that's sensitive to punishment &
therefore inhibits behavior that might lead to danger or pain
How do extraverts relate to BAS & BIS? - ✔✔BAS > BIS (more sensitive to rewards
than punishment)
How do introverts relate to BAS & BIS? - ✔✔BIS > BAS (more sensitive to punishments
than rewards)
Does the BIG 5 have a genetic basis? - ✔✔YES- all 5 traits appear to be heritable, but can
still change with environment or over time
What do developmental theories of personality stress? - ✔✔early childhood environment!!!
Attachment Theory - ✔✔bonds between infant & caregiver will influence the
individual's interaction & social functioning with others throughout lifespan
A- avoidant: dismissive of intimacy in relationships, wary of vulnerability
B- secure: comfortable in relationships, trust easily formed
C- anxious/ambivalent: want relationships but insecure w them
,What 2 factors can greatly influence one's attachment type? - ✔✔1) child
temperament 2) early caregiver behavior
Freudian Theory of Development - ✔✔personality will be determined by how child passes
through early psychosexual stages; fixations occur when under STRESS, regress to problematic
area
3 stages of Freud's Theory of Development - ✔✔1) oral
2) anal
3) phallic
Oral stage of Freud's Theory of Development - ✔✔gains sensual gratification through the
mouth (Ex. the bottle)
-adult with oral fixation- may be prone to excessive eating/drinking (Ex. stress eating)
Anal stage of Freud's Theory of Development - ✔✔toilet training
important -adult with anal fixation: may compulsively neat/precise
Phallic stage of Freud's Theory of Development - ✔✔-3-6 yrs old
- Oedipal or Electra Complex: fixation (on opposite-sex parent) gives way to identification
with same-sex parent
-adult with phallic fixation: may not be comfortable in sex role
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory 1 - ✔✔unconscious motives (sex/aggression) & conflict
between ego, id, superego
-most of time, conflicts between all 3 are settled easily & relatively non-consciously
Id - ✔✔primitive component, pleasure principle, largely unconscious
,Ego - ✔✔decision making, reality principle, largely conscious
Superego - ✔✔moral, social standards, somewhat conscious
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory 2 - ✔✔when conflicts between id, ego, superego not settled,
people use *defense mechanisms* & developmental fixations, which can result in long
term personality differences
What are Freud's 6 defense mechanisms? - ✔✔1) repression
2) rationalization
3) projection
4) displacement
5) reaction formation
6) sublimation
Ex. "I'm attracted to my best friend's boyfriend"
Repression - ✔✔keeps distracting thoughts/feelings buried in the unconscious; can lead
to Freudian slips (Ex. I'll take a cup of Todd instead of a cup of tea)
Rationalization - ✔✔creating plausible but false excuses to justify behavior (Ex. taking
classes together, study buddies)
Projection - ✔✔attributing one's own state to another (Ex. warn friend to be aware of other
people who want her partner)
, Displacement - ✔✔diversion of state to another substitute target (Ex. become enamored of
their roommate)
Reaction formation - ✔✔behaving in opposite fashion in an exaggerated way (Ex. I hate him)
Sublimation - ✔✔redirecting motive towards desirable social ends (Ex. writing tragic love
song, painting, etc)
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