Samenvatting methoden van wetenschappelijk onderzoek deel 1
Aantekeningen Experiment OP3 van alle boekhoofdstukken van het boek Research Methods for the Behavorial Sciences
Aantekeningen Webcolleges Experiment OP3
Alles voor dit studieboek (7)
Geschreven voor
Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA)
Communicatiewetenschap
Experiment
Alle documenten voor dit vak (1)
Verkoper
Volgen
Svi
Ontvangen beoordelingen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
LECTURE 1
Elements of experimental designs:
- Manipulation: the researcher manipulates one variable by changing its value to create a set of two or
more conditions: groups, treatments → independent variable
→ creating different levels of independent variable
→ assessing effectiveness by manipulation check
→ keeping external variables constant
→ individual differences can’ be manipulated
- Measurement: a second variable is measured for a group of participants to obtain a set of scored in
each treatment condition. Scoring on behavior etc… → dependent variable
- Comparison: the scores in one treatment condition are compared with the scores in another treatment condition.
Consistent differences between treatments are evidence that the manipulation has caused changes in the scores
- Control: All the variables besides the independent variable are controlled to be sure that they do not influence the
two variables being examined
…. Milgram experiment … NOT A TRUE EXPERIMENT
→ Manipulation: NO → the researcher didn’t create groups
→ Measurement: YES → how far people would go
→ Comparison: NO
→ Control: YES-NO → they used a script, it was recorded, blabla.. a lot of things were controlled
Mundane vs. Experimental realism
→ Mundane realism: The extent to which the experimental situation is similar to situations people are likely to
encounter outside of the lab ( Milgram study: in our daily life it is normal to obey to higher personas, but for example, it is
not normal to receive shock)
→ Experimental realism: The extent to which participants experience the experimental situation as intended ( Milgram’s
study: high: people are very involved and obeying, people are really behaving as intended)
Methods of knowing and acquiring knowledge → methods that people use to discover answers:
- Method of tenacity: information is accepted as a true because it has always been believed or because
superstition supports it
- method of intuition: information is accepted on the basis of a hunch or “gut feeling”
- Method of authority: a person relies on information or answers from an expert in the subject area
- Method of faith: variant of method of authority in which people have unquestioning trust in authority figure and
accept information from the authority without doubt
- rational method: rationalism- seeks answers by the use of logical reasoning
- empirical method: empiricism - uses observation or direct sensory experience to obtain knowledge
, CHAPTER ONE - the scientific model
Scientific method - approach to acquiring knowledge that involves formulating specific questions and then systematically
finding answers that can be empirically tested.
Step 1 → often based on everyday events or curiosity
→ relatively small set of specific observations from the basis for forming a general statement about a
larger set of possible observations
Step 2 → Form a hypothesis
→ identify the factors, or variables, that are associated with your observation
→ variables are characteristics or conditions that change or have different values for different individuals
→ formulate a hypothesis, or a possible explanation, for your observation
Step 3 → Define and measure variable
→ how to manipulate IV and DV → divide in levels, groups
Manipulation check : check whether your manipulation was perceived as intended
HOW?
- ask a question to measure the success of your manipulation
- test if your manipulation was successful
- report results from manipulation check
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper Svi. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.