Course: Intermodal freight transport and port management
About the course
See PowerPoint
Session 1 : Introduction and aspects of intermodal freight transport
Introduction video Flanders → promotion video about the logistics in the whole of flanders
Classic example: paint
If you want to have a paint color, the machine mixes
→ not all colors are there, they mix it at the moment : postponement
Multimodal freight transport
Causal link between trade - freight transport and economic development
(Oral) Exam! What do you see and what
are your conclusions of this chart
Relation GDP and trade:
- Higher trade than GDP
- Correlation GDP and trade → trade is 2x higher than GDP growth (relationship = red
line)
Drops: 1st and 2nd world war
Globalization:
Only possible cause of cheap transport if you want to transport products from China to
Europe. “Globalization is only possible if you produce in countries where it’s cheap to
manufacture”
Difference reshoring and offshoring:
Reshoring: coming back: taking back the business activities to the own country
<-> offshoring: outsource business activities to other countries
Reshoring different in EU and VS
Only Turkey, if you see it as a whole, globalization stronger than reshoring
Globalization is only possible cause of an evolution in the port → CONTAINERASATION:
made it possible that everything can be shipped cheaper to Europa (eg: shipping Ipad from
China to Europe: 10 cents). Scale increase only possible cause of containerization : they can
ship different kind of goods → flexible “multimodal”: deep-sea shipping, road, .. → you don’t
have to reload everything → takes less time
,Intermodal freight transport
Success of transport
Success of transport / trade was possible by emergence of containers
- Efficiency
- Cost reductions: elimination of excessive handling costs
- Reduction of time in ports, increase of turn around times (much higher proportion of
their time spend at sea = attempt to increase profitability)
- Today increase in automation and use of specific stacking vehicles
- Introduced by Malcolm McLean
He had a trucking company and there was a lot of damage
- Economic system with three essential elements
- Means of displacement
- Traffic infrastructure
- Load (people or goods)
Introduction of containers and container vessels
Annually chipped amount of tons around the
world: 10 billion
Antwerp: 230 million annually
China transition country:
GPD growth, than drop cause of financial
crisis, now we will see a shift from China to
India, Hongkong, .. (South-Asia Belt)
Reason: increased wages in China, people
are getting older so it is difficult to have
enough workers (solution: automatization,
people are too old and like this they want to
become the cheapest way production and to
keep up)
Increase of containerization
Oil and gas: stabilized
5 mayor bulks (bulk: isnt packed: goods
who are loaded into the vessel
unpacked) “stortgoederen”
1. Iron
2. Cowl
3. Grain
4. Phosphate
5. Bauxite (kind of rock, aluminum production)
Other dry: suger, sand…
, Where does it all come from?
Only from A → B if in B there can be a
production which adds a higher value
Regions of world trade import and export
- Asia: world nr 1 for import and
export
! Difference loaded and unloaded:
(laden of afladen van de producten)
unloaded volume is larger (importing
more than exporting) cause raw
materials are unloaded in China, which
they use to manufacture products and
export the largest part of the made
products
- America and EU : about the same
America does a lot of export
- Oceania: lots of loaded cargo (raw materials eg iron, cowl → is found in here and
shipped to eg Asia)
- Africa: the same
Increase of size of vessels
- Number of vessels increased, but not
substantially
- Size increased substantially
Scale increase → as a result the transport became
cheaper
, Transport all-around of the world:
Most important shipping routes are
1, China to America: Transpacific
2. America To Europe: Transatlantic
3, European Asia
→ Most important: 3rd or 1st (depending on
the year) : about the same but today the 3rd
Following: Don’t learn by hart: only know there is a difference Top 3
Oil and gas producers
Areas production and consumption
Eg where is oil produced and where does it go to (A → B
and in B higher value)
Grain market share
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