ANT2100 FINAL EXAM
Social Organization - Answer--rules and structures that govern relationships within a group of interacting people
residential groups appear in the archaeological record as - Answer-households and villages
Nonresidential groups are manifested archaeologically through the...
residential groups appear in the archaeological re
four broad areas of human social and political beh
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ANT2100 FINAL EXAM
Social Organization - Answer--rules and structures that govern relationships within a
group of interacting people
residential groups appear in the archaeological record as - Answer-households and
villages
Nonresidential groups are manifested archaeologically through the use of - Answer-
Symbols, ceremonies, mythologies, or insignias of membership
Political organization - Answer--the formal and informal institutions that regulate a
society collective acts.
-Control may be at level of residential or nonresidential level
Four broad areas of human social and political behavior: - Answer-gender, kinship,
social status, and trade
From artifacts to symbols - Answer--information about social and political
organization is derived from artifacts
-Artifacts are not just "things" but symbols
-How an artifact enters the archeological record is often a project of what it means
people manipulate material culture to send culturally specific symbolic messages -
Answer-ex: bringing flowers to dinner as a way to thank a host is a culturally-specific
standard American way to socially interact; Mikea, the forager-horticulturalists,
expect guests to bring tabacco
some societies recognize men who live as women or women who live as men as a -
Answer-third gender
in some plains Indian tribes, berdaches were - Answer-men who chose to live as a
women performing women roles
Androcentric - Answer-a perspective that focuses on what men do in a society, to the
exclusion of women
examples of androcentric - Answer--hunting weaponry assumed to be always male,
plant collecting gear always female
-burials with atlals in the indian knoll site
The BaMbuti - Answer--live in the Ituri Forest of Central Africa and are hunter
gatherers
-nearly all exchange meat for agricultural produce with their neighbors the
Bantu(horticulturalists)
-Two kind of BaMbuti societies differ in hunting technology
, Reconstructing male and female activities from archaeology - Answer--for decades
the field was male-dominated
-half of all professional archaeologists in the US today are women
ceramics made by hand were - Answer-women
ceramics made by wheel were - Answer-men
The Maya remarkable art style was often depicted on (6 things) - Answer-stone
stelae, polychrome, pottery, paintings, carvings, and codices
Gender in Maya Iconography - Answer--images commonly depict Maya wearing
intricate costumes
-Women are often portrayed weaving, preparing maize and serving food to others
-displays women wearing three distinctive dress styles
Cargo System - Answer--A system where a responsible married man is selected to
direct the ceremonial system
-Wife takes the title of "mother of" the mans named position
-men and women occupy complementary roles during the feasts of the cargo system
-women shown on stelae are partners in marriage between royal families
Kinship - Answer--relationships through which indivi are related to one another by
ties of descent(real or imagined) and marriage
-Kin groupings condition the nature of relationships between indivi
A kinship system blends - Answer-biological descent with cultural rules that define
some people as close kin and others as distant kin
Bilateral Descent - Answer--The standard kinship in North America, as well as many
other industrialized nations
- indivi traces his/hers relatives equally on mothers and fathers sides
-the nuclear family is the important economic unit
Patrilineal Descent - Answer--nuclear family may constitute the residential unit
-most important is the people who are related through the male line or patrilineage
-make up about 60% of the worlds known societies
-associated with foragers, agricultural and pastoral societies and internal warfare
Matrilineal Descent - Answer--Trace their linage from the mothers family
-These are rare, only about 10% of the worlds societies
-appear to be associated with horticulture(agriculture), long-distance hunting and
warfare with distant enemies
Lineages are sometime clustered into - Answer-clans, a set of lineages that claim to
share a distant, sometime mythical, ancestor
Clans may be clustered into Moieties - Answer-Which often perform reciprocal
ceremonial obligations for each other, such as burying the dead of the other or
holding feasts for one another
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