RT 3111 Respiratory Care Exam 1 Study guide with 100% correct answers
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RT 3111 Respiratory Care E
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RT 3111 Respiratory Care E
What is the Kinetic Theory of gases correct answersGases are composed of discrete molecules
1.Molecules are in random motion
2.Molecular collisions are elastic
3.Molecular activity depends on temp.
4.No physical attraction b/t molecules
describe the Bernoulli Principle correct answers1. gas ...
What is the Kinetic Theory of gases correct answersGases are composed of discrete molecules
1.Molecules are in random motion
2.Molecular collisions are elastic
3.Molecular activity depends on temp.
4.No physical attraction b/t molecules
describe the Bernoulli Principle correct answers1. gas flow through a tube
2. As velocity of gas goes up, lateral pressure goes down since the total energy principle is constant.
What is the relationship between temperature & pressure? correct answersAs temperature increases,
the velocity of gas molecules increases, which in turn causes an increase in pressure.
Difference between a Bourdon gauge and a Thorpe tube...Which is better for transport? correct
answersBourdon Gauge
Hollow coiled metal tube w/ elliptical cross section
What are the principles of viscous shearing & vorticity? correct answersViscous shearing: a high-velocity
jet injected into a quiescent (stationary) gas
Vorticity: tendency of velocity of jet gas to decrease due to "swirling" mixture of 2 gases
What is the difference between a ducted ejector & a Venturi tube? correct answersEjectors (Ducted): use
nozzle, viscous shearing, & vorticity to increase total flow.
Ducted Ejectors
Similar to Venturi except:
Tube diameter does not Δ
Purpose is to maintain high velocity (not restore lateral pressure)
Velocity remains high, P remains constant
Advantage: increased Pressure downstream has less effect on entrainment
Used in nebulizers
What is the difference between turbulent flow & laminar flow? correct answersLaminar: smooth,
uniform flow; requires less energy to sustain (<2,000)
Turbulent: erratic, irregular flow; requires more energy (>2000)
Given the velocity, density, diameter, & viscosity of a gas, calculate Reynold's number. correct
answersReynolds' Number
,Determines if gas flow through a tube is laminar or turbulent...
Laminar: smooth, uniform flow; requires less energy to sustain (<2,000)
Turbulent: erratic, irregular flow; requires more energy (>2000)
Formula: R = (velocity)(density)(diameter) / (viscosity)
What does Poiseuille's law tell us about decreasing the diameter of a tube by ½? correct
answersPoiseuille's Law
Describes resistance (R) when flow is laminar
(ΔP)(π)(r4) / 8(L)(μ)
Simply stated: "as the radius of a tube is halved, resistance to flow increases by a factor of 16."
Be able to use the combined gas law to solve for missing variables...remember, if a value is constant, you
can take it out of the equation! (Don't forget to convert to Kelvin!) correct answersCombined Gas Law
(a.k.a. general gas law)
Combines Boyle's, Charles', & Gay-Lussac's
Formula: P1 V1 / T1 = P2 V2 / T2
What does Henry's law tell us about the diffusion of a gas into a liquid? correct answersHenry's Law
Rate of gas diffusion into liquid is proportional to partial P of gas @ given T0
Example: opening a Coke (or beer.)
CO2 diffuses out of liquid into atm, where partial P of CO2 is less
According to Graham's law, which diffuses more readily into the blood, CO2 or O2? correct
answersGraham's Law
Rate of gas diffusion through liquid is proportional to gas solubility & inversely to gm. mol. wt.
CO2 is 19x more diffusable in blood than O2
But...Graham assumes = partial P
, In reality, alveolar PO2 > PCO2
What is the working pressure of most respiratory care equipment? correct answersLarge medical air
compressors must provide high flow (at least 100 L/min) at the standard working pressure of 50 pounds
per square inch gauge (psig) for all equipment in use.
(al 889)
al, Kacmarek et. Egan's Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, 10th Edition. Mosby, 032012. <vbk:978-0-323-
08203-7#outline(37.3.2)>.
How do oxygen concentrators function? Which type is most effective? correct answersTwo types of
concentrators are currently available: those using semipermeable plastic membranes and those using
molecular sieves.
Concentrators using semipermeable membranes to separate oxygen from room air are composed of
plastic membranes containing pores that are 1 mm in diameter (1 mm = 1/25,000 in). Atmospheric gases
diffuse through the membrane at different rates. The rate at which a gas diffuses depends on its diffusion
constant and solubility for the plastic membrane and the pressure gradient for the gas across the
membrane. A diaphragm compressor is used to provide a constant vacuum across the membrane.
Oxygen and water vapor diffuse through these membranes faster than nitrogen. Generally, a constant
flow of humidified 40% oxygen can be provided at a flow of 1 to 10 L/min.16 Figure 2-23 is a functional
diagram of an oxygen concentrator that uses a semipermeable membrane.
Figure 2-24 shows a typical oxygen concentrator that relies on molecular sieves to produce an enriched
oxygen mixture. Such systems use a compressor to pump room air at pressures of 15 to 25 psig to one of
two sets of sieves. Nitrogen is removed by passing room air through sodium-aluminum silicate (zeolite)
pellets, producing an enriched oxygen mixture. It is important to mention that nitrogen and other gases
absorbed by the zeolite pellets must be purged to ensure that the unit functions properly. In the
pressure swing adsorption (PSA) method, intermittent pressurization of one of the sieve beds occurs
while the other bed is purged to remove any absorbed gases and moisture.
typical compact oxygen concentrator (Vision Aire) used for home care treatment of patients requiring
long-term oxygen therapy. The NewLife oxygen concentrator (AirSep Corp., Buffalo, New York) shown is
equipped with alarms that signal power failure, high and low pres
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