Social Psychology Exam 1 Review Questions With Correct Answers
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Social Psychology Exam 1 Review Questions
With Correct Answers
Social psychology and psychology - answerSP: the relationship between an individual and others. the
individual is affected by others' actions and attitudes. (aronson)
psychology: the
how external factors impact the individual - ans...
Social Psychology Exam 1 Review Questions
With Correct Answers
Social psychology and psychology - answer✔SP: the relationship between an individual and others. the
individual is affected by others' actions and attitudes. (aronson)
psychology: the
how external factors impact the individual - answer✔External factors:
-other people
-media (tv internet, news,etc)
-weather (ex: hot temperature and murder rates)
-law
-income/economy
-social class
-religion
"anything outside the skin that affects human behavior"
**more broadly accepted definition
history of social psychology - answer✔- First written by Gordon W. Allport
- Psychology originally based on scientific methods, but questions had been asked since antiquity
o Plato and Aristotle- philosophers raising questions, but without scientific answers
o Giving opinions- considered the past of social psychology
o 1600s, 1700s- much literature written about human nature
o Declaration of Independence: Franklin- "If we don't hang together, we'll hang separately"
o 1776: American Revolution is based on the idea that humans are not good
Developed checks and balances to regulate the "bad" humans that are attracted to power
Worked based on the idea that people are not capable of self governing
o 1789: French Revolution is based on the idea that humans are good
Unsuccessful
- Field arose in late 1800s when people started using science to answer these questions
1884: Sir Francis Galton - answer✔Proposes the first social psychology experiment
Study on body language- measuring how much people like each other based on how much they are
inclined toward each other (ex: leaning toward each other or leaning away)
Didn't actually do the experiment
o 1897: Normal Triplett actually publishes the first social psychology experiment - answer✔Social
facilitation: increase in one's behavior due to the presence of others
• Observed that people do more when observed by others in a group
• Scenario 1: Child alone with kite string, instructed to wind kite string
• Scenario 2: Children together with kite string instructed to wind the kite string
• Children see others working to wind the string, reinforcing that behavior for the individual
• Found that children wound 50% more when in a group than individually
• Presence of other's energizes us
• When this was tested in labs, same results found over and over (note: not just a human phenomenon,
also found with animals)
Basis of social psychology
o 1965: Robert Zajonc - answer✔Addressing findings of social inhibition social facilitation
Social Inhibition: decrease in one's behavior due to the presence of others
Social facilitation occurs with simple, well learned behaviors- presence of an audience increases the
behavior
When the behavior is advanced or poorly learned, the affect of others will reduce or inhibit the
behavior
o 1908: Two first social psychology textbooks appears - answer✔First written by William McDougall
(Psychology, Harvard)
Second written by Edward Alsworth Ross (Sociology, Stanford/Wisconsin)
o Present Day: we have two main organizations - answer✔American Psychological Association (APA)- 54
specialties, 80,000 members est. 1892
American Sociological Association (ASA)- 34 specialties, 12,000 members est. 1905
SSP v PSP
CSP: Cultural Social Psychology
• Culture is a factor
• People may behave differently in different cultures/environments
• We have to have diverse samples and should replicate studies across cultures
Positive Social Psychology: - answer✔Push to study more positive subjects
• Social psychologists tend to study more negative topics
• Sean Lopez example of topics include: self esteem, love, courage, attachment, forgiveness, gratitude
Four main differences (between SSP and PSP) - answer✔Individual v group
• People
• Experiments v aggregate
o Sociology: large data sets, no lab
o Psychologist: small samples in a lab
• Advocacy (no more)
o Sociology: trying to change society, strong views and opinions
o Psychologists historically were not advocates (not seen as scientific) now this is changing
Example of sociology v psychology - answer✔Sociologist: group view of divorce
o "Impact of law on divorce"
• Psychologist: how divorce affects the individual
o Same topic, different level
Social Psychology is the opposite of personality psychology
- - answer✔Social psychology: external factors
- Personality psychology: what's inside the person
Link between social psychology and abnormal psychology - answer✔JASP- 1966 Journal of Social and
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